As confidentially submitted to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on September 10, 2020.

This Amendment No. 1 to the draft registration statement dated August 3, 2020 has not been publicly filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and all information herein remains strictly confidential.

Registration No. 333-            

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form F-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

LUMIRADX LIMITED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

LumiraDx Limited

c/o Ocorian Trust (Cayman) Limited

PO Box 1350, Clifton House, 75 Fort Street

Grand Cayman KY1-1108

Cayman Islands

(345) 640-0540

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

LumiraDx Inc.

221 Crescent Street. 5^th Floor

Waltham, MA 02453

(209) 721-950

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company  ☒

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), shall determine.

The information contained in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to completion, dated                      , 2020

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

             Common Shares

We are offering                  common shares, par value $0.001 per common share, of LumiraDx Limited. This is the initial public offering of our common shares and no public market currently exists for our common shares.

We expect the initial public offering price to be between $                 and $                 per common share. We intend to apply to list our common shares on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “LMDX”.

Our share capital consists of common shares and A ordinary shares, which we refer to as ordinary shares. The rights of the holders of common shares and ordinary shares are identical, except as they relate to voting and conversion rights. Each common share entitles the holder to one vote on any proposed shareholder resolution. Each ordinary share entitles the holder to ten votes on any proposed shareholder resolution and is convertible at any time after the date that is 180 days from the completion of this offering (or at such earlier time as approved by our board of directors due to exceptional circumstances, with the prior written consent of Jefferies LLC and SVB Leerink LLC) into one common share. Upon the completion of this offering, holders of our ordinary shares will control approximately     % of the shareholder voting power of our outstanding share capital, and Ron Zwanziger, our Chief Executive Officer and co-founder, Dave Scott, Ph.D., our Chief Technology Officer and co-founder, and Jerry McAleer, Ph.D., our Chief Scientist and co-founder, collectively referred to herein as our co-founders, and their respective affiliates, will control approximately     % of the shareholder voting power of our outstanding share capital, as further described under “Principal Shareholders” in this prospectus. As a result, individually or together, holders of our ordinary shares and co-founders will be able to significantly influence any action requiring the approval of our shareholders, including the election of members of our board of directors, the adoption of amendments to our memorandum and articles of association, and the approval of any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transaction. In addition, each of our co-founders is a director of the company and cannot be removed from our board of directors absent the voting approval of the ordinary shares held by Ron Zwanziger, our Chief Executive Officer and co-founder, and his affiliates.

Investing in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any common shares, you should carefully read the discussion of material risks of investing in our common shares in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 14 of this prospectus.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under the federal securities laws and, as such, we will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Foreign Private Issuer” for additional information.

Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

No offer or invitation to subscribe for common shares may be made to the public in the Cayman Islands.

Delivery of the common shares is expected to be made on or about                 , 2020. We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days from the date of this prospectus to purchase an additional                  common shares at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. If the underwriters exercise the option in full, the total underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us will be $                , and the total proceeds to us, before expenses, will be $                .

Prospectus dated                 , 2020.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

We and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide any information other than that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we may have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the underwriters are making an offer to sell the common shares in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only

as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the common shares. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and any such prospects may have changed since the date on the front cover of this prospectus.

For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction, other than the United States, or U.S., where action for that purpose is required. Persons outside the U.S. who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our common shares and the distribution of this prospectus outside the U.S.

We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and are a United Kingdom, or U.K., resident for tax purposes. Under the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, we are currently eligible for treatment as a “foreign private issuer”. As a foreign private issuer, we will not be required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as domestic registrants whose securities are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

Unless otherwise noted, all references in this prospectus to “$”, “US$”, “U.S. dollars”, “dollars” and “USD” mean U.S. dollars, all references to “£” and “GBP” mean pounds sterling, and all references to “€” and “euros” mean euros.

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION

We report under International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or the IASB. None of the financial statements contained in this prospectus were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S.

TRADEMARKS

We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business, including our corporate name, logos and website names. Other trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, some of the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are listed without the ^® and ^™ symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our trademarks, service marks and trade names.

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RISK FACTORS

Before you invest in our common shares, you should understand the high degree of risk involved. You should carefully consider the following risks and other information in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus, before you decide to purchase our common shares. The following risks may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and operating results. As a result, the trading price of our common shares could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Strategy

We are at a pivotal point in the commercialization of our Platform, and we may not succeed for a variety of reasons. Our short-term revenue prospects will vary with the amount of demand for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, SARS CoV-2 antibody test and SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR reagents.

Since our inception in 2014 until June 30, 2020, we incurred $274.9 million in research and development costs to develop our Platform. As of August 31, 2020, we had two POC diagnostic tests that we had developed and launched: our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test commercially available under an EUA and a CE Mark, which we recently introduced to the European and U.S. markets; and our INR test commercially available under a CE Mark, which we recently introduced to the European market. We also received an EUA for our molecular lab reagent kit, LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR, and we recently commenced sales.

We expect to engage in a much larger, broad-scale launch of our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and, if approved, authorized or cleared, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, if approved, authorized, or cleared, and we are relying on such tests to create brand awareness and a revenue base to support our cost infrastructure as well as to create an installed base of our Instrument.

Our short-term revenue prospects will vary with the amount of demand for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and SARS CoV-2 antibody test. Demand may be impacted by the timing of any vaccine or therapeutics that are approved to treat the virus. If an effective vaccine or treatment is developed in the short term or if the COVID-19 pandemic is mitigated earlier than expected for any other reason, our short-term revenue prospects and operations could be significantly impacted. In addition, competitors may produce more accurate tests or tests which receive more favorable demand, both of which may impact on our revenue streams and profitability.

We have limited commercial experience with our Platform, and our launch of additional tests, including our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, which has been launched in Europe and the U.S., and SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, if approved, authorized or cleared, may be delayed, be less successful than we anticipate, or fail for any of the reasons that large commercial launches are ultimately unsuccessful. For example:

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Operations of the type and scope that we plan are subject to many uncertainties, and many that are undertaken are unsuccessful. We cannot be certain that we will be able to achieve our business objectives as described in this prospectus, and potential investors should give serious consideration to that possibility prior to making an investment in this offering.

We may not be able to generate sufficient revenue from our Platform to achieve and maintain profitability.

We believe our commercial success is dependent upon our ability to successfully market and sell our Platform to customers, including large healthcare systems, government organizations, national pharmacy chains and community-based healthcare settings, to launch and commercialize our Instrument and diagnostic tests, including those for COVID-19, to continue to expand our current relationships and develop new relationships with diagnostic companies, and to develop and commercialize new POC diagnostic tests. We are scaling our operations assuming a rapid uptake of our Instrument and our SARS-CoV-2 antigen and SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, but the demand for our Platform may not increase for a number of reasons, including due to the evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, or unsuccessful execution of our strategy designed to meet the increased demand for COVID-19 tests, or otherwise. If we do not obtain regulatory approval or clearance of our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, or if we are unsuccessful in the commercialization of our SARS-CoV-2 antigen and, if approved, authorized or cleared, antibody tests, then we will need significant financial resources to maintain our operations. We have experienced early revenue growth from the sale of our Platform to healthcare professionals, principally for INR tests and from the sale of third-party distribution products and our anticoagulation management programs. We may not be able to continue revenue growth or maintain existing revenue levels.

Our existing customers and collaborators may decide to decrease or discontinue their use of our Platform due to changes in research and product development plans, changes in the occurrence of certain diseases, such as COVID-19, failures in clinical trials, financial constraints, or utilization of internal testing resources or tests performed by other parties, which are circumstances outside of our control. In addition to reducing our revenue, this may reduce our exposure to early stage research that facilitates the incorporation of newly-developed information about various tests into our Platform.

We are currently not profitable. Even if we succeed in increasing the adoption of our Platform by large healthcare systems, government organizations, national pharmacy chains and community-based healthcare settings, maintaining and creating relationships with our existing and new customers and collaborators and developing and commercializing additional POC diagnostic tests, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain profitability.

Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have and may continue to seriously harm our business and increase our costs and expenses.

The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been rapidly evolving in many countries, including the U.K. where our main research, development and manufacturing operations are located, as well as in other countries, and has led to the implementation of various responses, including government-imposed quarantines, travel restrictions, business and school closures and other public health safety measures. These responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted and may continue to materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations due to, among other factors:

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This pandemic, as well as intensified measures undertaken to contain the spread of COVID-19, could decrease healthcare industry spending; adversely affect demand for our Platform; cause one or more of our customers to file for bankruptcy protection or go out of business; cause one or more of our customers to fail to renew, terminate, or renegotiate their contracts; affect the ability of our business development team to travel worldwide to potential customers and the ability of our professional services teams to conduct in-person services and trainings; impact expected spending from new customers; negatively impact collections of accounts receivable; lead to the closure of our existing or future manufacturing facilities or any of our other production, research and/or distribution facilities; and restrict the movement of people and goods, which could negatively impact employee availability (particularly, in respect of our R&D and sales and marketing teams), any of which would harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, while we have taken remote work, group isolation and other measures to prevent an outbreak among our employees, a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic could further disrupt our operations as the success of the measures we have implemented is uncertain.

The loss of any member of our senior management team or our inability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists, engineers, clinicians and salespeople could adversely affect our business.

Our success depends on the skills, experience and performance of key members of our senior management team, including Ron Zwanziger, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Dave Scott Ph.D., our Chief Technology Officer and Jerry McAleer, Ph.D., our Chief Scientist. The individual and collective efforts of these employees will be essential as we continue to develop our Platform and additional products, and as we expand our commercial activities. The loss or incapacity of existing members of our executive management team or key scientists and engineers could adversely affect our operations, particularly if we experience difficulties hiring qualified successors.

Our R&D programs and manufacturing operations depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists, technicians and engineers. We may not be able to attract or retain a sufficient number of qualified scientists, engineers and technicians in the future due to the competition for qualified personnel in our industry. We also face competition from universities and public and private research institutions in recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific personnel. We may also have difficulties locating, recruiting or retaining a sufficient number of qualified sales people to successfully scale up our sales and marketing efforts to meet expected demands. Recruiting and retention difficulties can limit our ability to support our R&D and sales and marketing programs. All of our employees are at-will, which means that either we or the employee may terminate their employment at any time. In addition, we do not maintain “key person” insurance on any of our employees.

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Our Platform may never achieve significant commercial market acceptance.

Our Platform may never gain significant acceptance in the marketplace and, therefore, may never generate substantial revenue or profits for us. Our ability to achieve commercial market acceptance for our Platform will depend on several factors, including:

We believe that the successful completion of clinical trials, publication of scientific and medical results in peer-reviewed journals, and presentations at leading conferences will be important to facilitate the broad adoption of our Platform. Publication in leading medical journals is subject to a peer-review process, and peer reviewers may not consider the results of studies involving our Platform sufficiently novel or worthy of publication.

The failure of our Platform to be listed in physician guidelines or of our clinical trials to produce favorable results or to be published in peer-reviewed journals could limit the adoption of our Platform. We may not be successful in addressing these or other factors that might affect the market acceptance of our Platform and technologies. Failure to achieve widespread market acceptance of our Platform would materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers or, in some cases, sole source suppliers, for the components of our Platform and materials and may not be able to find, or immediately transition to, alternative suppliers.

We rely on several sole source suppliers for certain components or accessories and materials used in our Instrument and our test strips, such as reagents. In addition, we currently rely solely on Flextronics Ltd, or Flex, as the sole manufacturer of our Instrument, with components and assemblies supplied by Flex and by outside vendors, and our facilities as the sole suppliers of our test strips.

In the case of any alternative supplier for our Instrument, the components of our Instrument or our test strips, there can be no assurance that replacement components or, with regards to the test strips, reagents, swabs or other accessories will be available or will meet our quality control and performance requirements for our operations. An interruption in our ability to develop and produce test strips could occur if we encounter delays or difficulties in securing these reagents, and if we cannot then obtain an acceptable substitute. Any changes in such materials could lead to required changes in regulatory approval or clearance processes. If we encounter delays or difficulties in securing, reconfiguring or revalidating the equipment and reagents we require for our Platform, our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation could be adversely affected.

Because of a long lead-time to delivery of certain components of our manufacturing system and Platform, we are required to place orders for a variety of items well in advance of scheduled production runs. We have increased our flexibility to purchase strategic components within shorter lead times by entering into scale up arrangements with the suppliers of these components. Although we attempt to match our inventory and production capabilities to estimates of marketplace demand, to the extent Instrument and test strip orders materially vary from our estimates, we may experience continued constraints in our Platform production and delivery capacity, which could adversely

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impact our financial condition and results of operations. Should our need for raw materials and components used in production continue to fluctuate, we could incur additional costs associated with either expediting or postponing delivery of those materials. In an effort to control costs, we have implemented a lean manufacturing system. Managing the change from discrete to continuous flow production requires time and management commitment. Lean initiatives and limitations in our supply chain capabilities may result in component shortages that delay shipments and cause fluctuations in revenue.

Further, we believe that there are a limited number of other equipment manufacturers that are currently capable of supplying and servicing the equipment necessary for the manufacturing of our Instrument and test strips. We have spent significant time and resources developing our manufacturing processes with our existing collaborators, and the use of equipment or materials furnished by these replacement suppliers would require us to significantly alter our operations. It could take a very long time to obtain a new manufacturing system for test strips if additional capacity were needed. Transitioning to a new supplier would therefore be time consuming and expensive, may result in interruptions or delays in our operations, could affect the performance specifications of our operations or could require that we revalidate our Platform and could require us to obtain additional clearance, authorization, approval, accreditation or licensure for the changes. There can be no assurance that we will be able to secure alternative equipment, reagents, and other materials, and bring such equipment, reagents, and materials on line and revalidate them without experiencing interruptions in our workflow.

We may experience manufacturing problems or delays that could limit the growth of our revenue or increase our losses.

Our current and planned manufacturing operations are critical to our commercialization plans, and these operations may not be sufficient to withstand the demands we intend to place on them. Any disruption in the operation of any of our facilities or the facilities of our suppliers could impact our supply chain and operation of our Platform and our ability to conduct our business and generate revenue. We may encounter unforeseen situations that would result in delays or shortfalls in our production as well as delays or shortfalls caused by our outsourced manufacturing suppliers and by other third-party suppliers who manufacture components for our Platform, including delays caused by or constraints on capacity as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. If we are unable to keep up with demand for our Platform, our revenue could be impaired, market acceptance for our Platform could be adversely affected and our customers might instead purchase our competitors’ products. Our inability to successfully manufacture the components of our Platform would have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

If our or our suppliers’ or collaborators’ present or future facilities were to be damaged, destroyed or otherwise unable to operate, whether due to fire, floods, storms, tornadoes, earthquakes, other inclement weather events or natural disasters, employee malfeasance, terrorist acts, public health crises, power outages, or otherwise, it may render it difficult or impossible for us to increase our manufacturing and other operations sufficiently to meet increased demand, and our business could be severely disrupted. Our facilities and the equipment we use to manufacture our Platform would be costly to replace and could require substantial lead time to repair or replace.

As we continue to expand our business, we may experience problems in scaling our manufacturing and commercial operations, and if we are unable to support demand for our Platform and our future tests, including ensuring that we have adequate capacity to meet increased demand, or we are unable to successfully manage the evolution of our Platform, our business could suffer.

We currently do not have the workflow capacity to support the projected expansion of our business. In connection with the commercialization of our Platform, we have added, and expect to continue to add, personnel in the areas of sales, marketing, manufacturing, regulatory, quality assurance, customer and technical service and other support functions. We also continue to scale our manufacturing, sales and marketing capabilities. As our volume grows, we will need to continue to increase our workflow capacity for sales, customer service, billing and general process improvements, expand our internal quality assurance program and to scale up our manufacturing systems for our Platform quickly. We will need additional sales, scientific and technical personnel to market our Platform and follow up on any reported quality issues. We will also need to secure additional facilities, purchase additional equipment, some of which can take several months or more to procure, setup, and validate, and to significantly and rapidly increase our capacity to meet increased demand. There is no assurance that any of these increases in scale, expansion of personnel, equipment, software and computing capacities, or process enhancements will be successfully implemented on a timely basis, or at all, or that we will have adequate space in our facilities to

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accommodate such required expansion. Even if these and other measures are implemented successfully, we still expect to experience continued capacity constraints as we commercialize our products.

As additional diagnostic products are commercialized and new tests are developed, we may need to implement adjustments to our Platform and our processes, and hire new personnel with different qualifications. Failure to manage this growth or transition could result in delays in the development of new test strips, higher product costs, declining product quality, deteriorating customer service, and slower responses to competitive challenges. A failure in any one of these areas could make it difficult for us to meet market expectations for our Platform and could damage our reputation and the prospects for our business.

If any of our facilities were damaged or destroyed, or if we experience a significant disruption in the expansion of our operations for any reason, our ability to continue to operate our business and meet increased demand could be materially harmed.

As we expand our workflow capacity, we believe it may be necessary to both expand our existing facilities and to add one or more new facilities to meet anticipated demand. We are also in the process of scaling our manufacturing facilities and adding warehouse and office space, which are expected to continue to be rolled out in the next few years, with necessary adjustments based on market needs. Failure to complete, or timely complete, these expansion projects on time or at all, may significantly delay our workflows and operations, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operation. In addition, our financial condition may be adversely affected if we are unable to complete these expansion projects on budget and otherwise on terms and conditions acceptable to us. Finally, our financial condition will be adversely affected if demand for our Platform does not materialize in line with our current expectations and if, as a result, we end up building excess capacity that does not yield a reasonable return on our investment.

New product development involves a lengthy and complex process and we may be unable to commercialize additional tests on our Platform on a timely basis, or at all.

Our Platform will take time to commercialize, and its launch may be delayed or may not be successful. There can be no assurance that our Platform will accurately and rapidly identify biomarkers associated with conditions and diseases of importance to our customers, including COVID-19, for a variety of technical reasons or that our Platform will compete with market alternatives or gain market acceptance. Our diagnostic tests which are in development will take time to develop and commercialize, if we are able to commercialize them at all.

Many other POC testing systems are designed for one or few related tests, increasing the odds of creating a successful test but decreasing the odds of developing a system with broad testing abilities. Our strategy involves designing a platform that is diverse and powerful enough to produce high-quality testing abilities for a broad array of tests. While we believe this strategy will result in an industry-leading standard for POC tests, it also creates a very high hurdle for success, which we may not ultimately clear.

Further, there can be no assurance that any new diagnostic tests will have acceptable clinical performance. Before we can commercialize any new diagnostic tests, we will need to expend significant funds in order to:

Our Platform development process involves a high degree of risk, and development efforts may fail for many reasons, including:

As we develop our Platform and our diagnostic tests, we will have to make significant investments in product development, marketing and selling resources. In addition, competitors may develop and commercialize competing products faster than we are able to do so.

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We are devoting significant resources for the scale-up and development of our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test and SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR molecular test kits.

We are working toward the large scale technical development and manufacturing scale-up in several countries and larger scale deployment of our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR molecular test kits and currently do not have the manufacturing, marketing or sales capacity to meet the expected demand for such tests. The number of potential tests that we are able to produce and bring to market is dependent on our ability, and the ability of our contract manufacturers, to successfully and rapidly scale up manufacturing capacity and our ability to scale up our marketing and sales capacities. To support these scale-ups, we will need to expend significant resources and capital quickly, and we therefore expect to divert resources and capital from our other non-COVID-19 diagnostic tests. Our ability to produce and bring to market the SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR molecular test kits will also depend on our ability to further scale up on our manufacturing, sales and marketing capacities.

Given the rapidity of both the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and our development efforts with respect to our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR molecular test kits, as well as the complexity of the economics of a diagnostic test for a pandemic, we are only in the early stages of considering how to price a potential test and cannot provide assurance as to the ultimate impact of each SARS-CoV-2 test on our financial condition and results of operations. Focus on our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR molecular test kits could have the lasting impacts of significant diversions of resources and attention away from the development of other non-COVID-19 diagnostic tests; our ability to rapidly pivot research, development and commercialization back to other areas of focus; and lost time associated with addressing the demand for our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR molecular test kits.

We are continuously updating and improving our Platform based on the needs of various tests, and this may impact changes, such as upgrades or new versions of our Instrument.

Our Platform is continuously evolving and will continue to do so as more tests are added to our Platform. A specific test may require specific test strip or design changes which could also impact Instrument set up. In addition, we are continuously improving our Instrument and have a pipeline of upgrades to make the Instrument more robust and further lower the costs over time. This may require regular updates to our Instrument, including software upgrades and in certain cases the need to swap out the Instrument for an updated version. The replacement of an Instrument may require sales and customer support and may lead to older versions of our Platform being obsolete and impact our financials. The need for an upgrade to an Instrument may impact the commercialization of certain diagnostic assays which require an upgraded Instrument.

Our current tests or any tests that we develop to cover additional menu or diagnostic testing may not be successfully developed or commercialized or gain the acceptance of the public or the medical community.

We plan to implement a broad range of tests on our Platform over time. Each test requires a significant amount of R&D and comes with its own technical challenges. In addition, we aim for all tests to provide lab-comparable results based on comparison against the lab standard reference for such test, where such lab reference is available. In light of the technical and complicated nature of some test strips, R&D timelines may be delayed and lab-comparable results or expected performance criteria may not be met. This may affect our ability to launch or commercialize our tests and could have an adverse impact on our financial results. While we have encouraging internal data for many diagnostic tests, we have not yet performed multi-site, external clinical analyses of most of these tests or otherwise compared these results against clinical results.

Sensitivity and specificity concerns with respect to COVID-19 tests generally could negatively affect demand for our Platform and therefore our business, revenues and profits. Similar concerns about our collaborators, though unrelated to us, could likewise create negative publicity, which could negatively impact demand for our Platform or harm our reputation. These concerns could be wrongly attributed to our tests and could negatively affect sales of our Instrument. Additionally, concerns about COVID-19 tests generally, even if none have been identified with our tests, could adversely affect our business as the general public may associate our SARS-CoV-2 antigen and SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests with them. In addition, the medical community is continuously learning and publishing scientific literature about COVID-19 and the success of our SARS-CoV-2 antigen and SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests will depend on the ability of the tests to detect the virus (or antibodies) and on acceptance of the test results by the public and medical community. If any of our tests or those of other parties developing similar products receive negative or

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unfavorable publicity, or the medical community publishes information criticizing the accuracy, effectiveness or utility of COVID-19 tests, whether or not ours, it could result in a decrease in demand for any product that we may develop. In addition, responses by the U.S. federal, state or foreign governments to negative public perception or ethical concerns related to COVID-19 tests may result in new legislation or regulations that could limit our ability to develop or commercialize any product, obtain or maintain regulatory approval or clearance, if applicable, identify alternate regulatory pathways to market or otherwise achieve profitability. More restrictive statutory regimes, government regulations or negative public opinion would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, and may delay or impair the development and commercialization of our products or demand for any products we may commercialize.

We have limited data on the performance of our Platform to date and limited experience in marketing and selling our Platform, and if we are unable to expand our direct sales and marketing force to adequately address our customers’ needs, our business may be adversely affected.

We have limited data on the performance of our Platform to date and limited experience in marketing and selling our Platform, which had its formal commercial launch in Europe in 2019 with our INR test. We do not currently have, and may not be successful in developing, the capacity to market, sell, or distribute our Platform or other products we may develop effectively or in volumes high enough to support our planned growth.

We will sell our Platform on a region or country specific basis across our footprint in Europe, the U.S., South America, Africa and Asia using a combination of direct sales or through our distributors. Our future sales will depend in large part on our ability to develop and substantially expand our sales force and to significantly increase the scope of our marketing efforts. Our target market of identifying customers in healthcare systems, government organizations, national pharmacy chains and community-based healthcare settings is a large and diverse market. As a result, we believe it is necessary to develop a large sales force that includes sales representatives with a variety of specific technical backgrounds. We will also need to attract and develop a significant amount of marketing personnel with industry expertise. Competition for such employees is intense. We may not be able to attract and retain personnel or be able to build an efficient and effective sales and marketing force, which could negatively impact sales and market acceptance of our products and limit our revenue growth and potential profitability.

Our expected future growth will impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including the need to identify, recruit, maintain, and integrate additional employees. Our future financial performance and our ability to commercialize our products and to compete effectively will depend, in part, on our ability to manage this potential future growth effectively, without compromising quality.

We also enlist distributors, and we may potentially enlist local collaborators, to assist with sales, distribution, and customer support. Locating, qualifying, and engaging a significant number of distribution collaborators with local industry experience and knowledge will be necessary to effectively market and sell our products. We may not be successful in finding, attracting, and retaining a sufficient number of distributors or other collaborators or we may not be able to enter into such arrangements on favorable terms, or at all. Our sales in low and middle income countries also depend on support from our global health partners, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, or BMGF, and from national governments. Developing such relationships may require significant resources, time and management attention and could adversely affect our ability to make sales.

Sales practices utilized by our distributors that are locally acceptable may not comply with sales practices standards required under the laws of the U.K., U.S. or other jurisdictions that apply to us, which could create additional compliance costs and risk and demand additional resources, time and management attention. If our sales and marketing efforts are not successful, we may not achieve significant market acceptance for our products, which would materially and adversely impact our business and anticipated financial condition and results of operations.

If we cannot compete successfully with our competitors, we may be unable to increase or sustain our revenue or achieve and sustain profitability.

The diagnostics industry, including IVD and POC systems, are rapidly evolving, and we face competition from companies that offer products in our targeted application areas. Our principal competition comes from established diagnostic companies. Our competitors include laboratory or POC companies such as Abbott Laboratories, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Danaher Corporation, GenMark Diagnostics, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, Quidel Corporation, Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Siemens Healthineers

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AG, Inc. and many others. In addition to systems, we believe these companies may also develop their own approved or cleared diagnostic kits, which can be sold to the clients who have purchased their systems. In addition, new and existing companies could seek to develop tests that compete with ours. Many of our current and future competitors are either publicly traded, or are divisions of publicly-traded companies, and may enjoy a number of competitive technological, financial and market access advantages over us, including:

We believe that the principal competitive factors in all of our target markets include:

Furthermore, even if we do develop new marketable products or services, our current and future competitors may develop products and services that are more commercially attractive than ours, and they may bring those products and services to market earlier or more effectively than us. If we are unable to compete successfully against current or future competitors, we may be unable to increase market acceptance for and sales of our Platform, which could prevent us from increasing or sustaining our revenues or achieving sustained profitability. Our competitors may also use their patent portfolios, developed in connection with developing their tests, to allege that our Platform infringes their patents, and we could face litigation with respect to such allegations and the validity of such patents.

The diagnostic industry is subject to rapidly changing technology which could make our Platform and other products we develop obsolete.

Our industry is characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product introductions and enhancements and evolving industry standards, all of which could make our Platform and the other products we are developing obsolete. Our future success will depend on our ability to anticipate and keep pace with the evolving needs of our customers on a timely and cost-effective basis and to pursue new market opportunities that develop as a result of technological and scientific advances. The attractiveness of our Platform partly depends on the ability to continue to add additional assays and tests in a timely manner. Failure to deliver such tests in the timelines suggested may affect our business plan and ability to obtain greater market penetration, or otherwise cause us to lose market share.

In recent years, there have been advances in methods used to analyze very large amounts of information. We must continuously enhance our Platform and develop new products to keep pace with evolving standards of care. If we do not update our Platform, including successfully developing new tests for our Instrument, such as multiplex test strips with the ability to detect an increased number of markers in a single sample, it could become obsolete and sales of our Platform and any new products could decline, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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Our business and reputation will suffer if our Platform does not perform as expected, particularly as test strip volume increases, or we are unable to establish and comply with stringent quality standards to assure that the highest level of quality is observed in the performance of our Platform.

Inherent risks are involved in providing and marketing diagnostic tests and related services. Our success depends on the market’s confidence that we can provide reliable, high-quality diagnostic products and information that may be used to make critical healthcare decisions. There is no guarantee that the accuracy and reproducibility we have demonstrated to date will continue as our volume of test strips increases. We believe that our customers are likely to be particularly sensitive to product defects and errors, including if our products fail to detect certain diseases with high accuracy from clinical specimens. As a result, the failure of our Platform to perform as expected would significantly impair our operating results and our reputation. We may be subject to legal claims arising from any defects or errors.

We must maintain top service standards and government-mandated and other quality controls. Past or future performance or accuracy defects, incomplete or improper process controls, or mishandling of samples or test strips due to inadequate training can lead to incorrect diagnostic results and potentially result in adverse outcomes for patients. These events could lead to voluntary or legally mandated safety alerts relating to our Platform or our facilities and could result in the removal of our Platform from the market. Insufficient quality controls and any resulting negative outcomes could result in significant costs and litigation, as well as negative publicity that could reduce demand for our Platform and payors’ willingness to cover our Platform. Even if we maintain adequate controls and procedures, damaging and costly errors may occur.

If we cannot maintain our current relationships, or enter into new relationships, with diagnostics or research and development companies, or if our collaborators do not perform as expected, our product development could be delayed.

We rely on research and development collaborators to research and develop certain tests for our Platform. We have existing research and development agreements with well-established companies in each of respiratory, infectious, and enteric disease areas. The inability of these companies to deliver on research and development projects or our inability to use or have sufficient access to required reagents derived from such projects could have an adverse effect on our ability to launch additional tests and thus on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our success in the future depends in part on our ability to maintain these relationships and to enter into new relationships. This can be difficult due to several factors, including internal and external constraints placed on these organizations that can limit the number and type of relationships with companies such as ours that can be considered and consummated. In addition, collaboration, manufacturing and supply agreements can be complex and contain certain provisions that may be susceptible to multiple interpretations. The resolution of any interpretation disagreement that may arise could be adverse to us, for example, by increasing our royalties payable to third parties, by narrowing what we believe to be the scope of our rights to certain intellectual property, or increasing what we believe to be our financial or other obligations under these agreements, and any such outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In addition, we expect that we will have capacity constraints on demand for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, if approved, authorized or cleared, and we will need to make decisions regarding allocation of supply of such tests, which could have an adverse effect on new or existing relationships with third parties and governments.

We are currently engaged, and expect to continue to engage, in discussions with companies regarding commercial opportunities, particularly in light of our planned rapid scale-up in response to the demand for COVID-19 testing. There is no assurance that any of these discussions will result in commercial agreements, or if an agreement is reached, that the resulting engagement will be successful and that such companies will perform as expected or that clinical, sales and marketing activities conducted as part of the engagement will produce successful outcomes. Additionally, speculation in the industry about our existing or potential engagements with life science companies can be a catalyst for adverse speculation about us, our products, and our technology, which can result in harm to our reputation and our business.

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We may acquire other businesses or form joint ventures or make investments in other companies or technologies that could negatively affect our operating results, dilute our shareholders’ ownership, increase our debt or cause us to incur significant expense.

We may pursue acquisitions of businesses and assets as well as strategic alliances and joint ventures that leverage our Platform and industry experience to expand our offerings or distribution. If we make any acquisitions, we may not be able to integrate these acquisitions successfully into our existing business, and we could assume unknown or contingent liabilities. Any future acquisitions also could result in the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities or future write-offs of intangible assets or goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Integration of an acquired company also may disrupt ongoing operations and require management resources that we would otherwise focus on developing our existing business. We may experience losses related to investments in other companies, which could have a material negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, technology license, strategic alliance, or joint venture.

To finance any acquisitions or joint ventures, we may choose to issue our common shares as consideration, which would dilute the ownership of our shareholders. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all. If the price of our common shares is low or volatile, we may not be able to acquire other companies or fund a joint venture project using our stock as consideration.

International expansion of our business exposes us to business, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks outside of Europe.

In addition to the various direct sales units that have already been established in Europe, Japan, the U.S. and Latin America, we are planning to both continue to grow direct sales operations as well as extend distribution agreements for our Instrument and test strips in various countries. In addition, in Africa, we plan to continue to collaborate with non-governmental organizations, such as the BMGF, to build programs that utilize our Platform to improve patient outcomes across multiple countries on the African continent. We plan to maintain sales representatives and distributor relationships, to conduct healthcare provider and patient association outreach activities, to extend research and development capabilities and to expand payor relationships outside of Europe. Doing business internationally involves a number of risks, including:

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Any of these factors could significantly harm our future international expansion and operations and, consequently, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our commercial success in Africa will be dependent on continued donor funding of healthcare initiatives in Africa from a wide variety of sources such as The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children Fund, Médecins Sans Frontières and private foundations such as the BMGF, the Clinton Health Access Initiative and the Rockefeller Foundation. Our ability to work collaboratively with these funders and with national healthcare programs will be important to our success in utilizing our Platform to help transform primary care delivery in Africa and improve patient outcomes and delays in such efforts may impact the roll out of these programs, as a lot of parties are involved and we do not control operations of such complex entities.

If we were sued for product liability or professional liability, we could face substantial liabilities that exceed our resources.

The marketing, sale and use of our products could lead to the filing of product liability claims were someone to allege that our Platform identified inaccurate or incomplete information or otherwise failed to perform as designed. We may also be subject to liability for errors in, a misunderstanding of, or inappropriate reliance upon, the information we provide in the ordinary course of our business activities. A product liability or professional liability claim could result in substantial damages and be costly and time-consuming for us to defend.

We maintain product and professional liability insurance, but this insurance may not fully protect us from the financial impact of defending against product liability or professional liability claims and such policies will be subject to limitations and exclusions. Any product liability or professional liability claim brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our insurance rates or prevent us from securing insurance coverage in the future. Additionally, any product liability lawsuit could damage our reputation, cause current customers to terminate existing agreements, or cause potential customers to seek other suppliers, any of which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to, and may in the future become subject to, claims and litigation that could result in significant expenses and could ultimately result in unfavorable outcomes for us.

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation and other proceedings, including matters related to product liability claims, commercial disputes and intellectual property claims, as well as regulatory, employment, and other claims related to our business. Litigation related to our company, our business, and our operations or financial performance may also involve customers, competitors, suppliers, patients, shareholders, governmental authorities or other third parties, including potential whistleblower claims and other employee-related claims. Litigation can be lengthy, expensive and disruptive to our operations, and results cannot be predicted with certainty. An adverse decision could result in significant settlement amounts, monetary damages, fines or injunctive relief that could affect our financial condition or results of operations. Even if lawsuits do not result in an unfavorable outcome, the costs of defending or prosecuting such lawsuits may be material to our business and our operations. Moreover, these lawsuits may divert management’s attention from the operation of our business, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our employees, principal investigators, consultants, and collaborators may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory standards and requirements, and insider trading.

We are exposed to the risk of fraud or other misconduct by our employees, principal investigators, consultants, and collaborators. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional failures to comply with the regulations of FDA

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and other applicable regulators, comply with healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations in the United Kingdom, United States and abroad, report financial information or data inaccurately, or fail to disclose unauthorized activities to us. In particular, sales, marketing, and business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to prevent fraud, misconduct, kickbacks, self-dealing, and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commission, customer incentive programs, and other business arrangements. Such misconduct could also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical studies, which could result in regulatory sanctions and cause serious harm to our reputation. We currently have a code of conduct applicable to all of our employees, but it is not always possible to identify and deter employee misconduct, and our code of conduct and anti-bribery policies and the other precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses, or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with these laws or regulations, particularly as we seek to rapidly expand our business on a global scale. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could result in the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions, which could have a significant impact on our business. Whether or not we are successful in defending against such actions or investigations, we could incur substantial costs, including legal fees, and divert the attention of management in defending ourselves against any of these claims or investigations.

We depend on our information technology systems, and any failure of these systems could harm our business.

We depend on information technology and telecommunications systems for significant elements of our operations, including all connectivity solutions associated with our Platform, our research and development data and quality management system, our knowledge and inventory management system, our factory controls, our customer provisioning and analytics reporting and our patient care database management. We have installed, and expect to expand, a number of enterprise software systems that affect a broad range of business processes and functional areas, including for example, systems handling human resources, financial controls and reporting, contract management, regulatory compliance, and other infrastructure operations. In addition to the aforementioned business systems, we intend to extend the capabilities of both our preventative and detective security controls by augmenting the monitoring and alerting functions, the network design, and the automatic countermeasure operations of our technical systems. These information technology and telecommunications systems support a variety of functions, including operations, test validation, sample processing, quality control, customer service support, research and development activities, scientific and medical curation, and general administrative activities. In addition, our third-party billing and collections provider depends upon technology and telecommunications systems provided by outside vendors.

Information technology and telecommunications systems are vulnerable to damage from a variety of sources, including telecommunications or network failures, malicious human acts and natural disasters. Moreover, despite network security and back-up measures, some of our servers are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, and similar disruptive problems. Despite the precautionary measures we have taken to prevent unanticipated problems that could affect our information technology and telecommunications systems, failures or significant downtime of our information technology or telecommunications systems or those used by our third-party service providers could prevent our Platform from functioning properly and conducting analyses or prevent us from preparing and providing reports, conducting research and development activities, and managing the administrative aspects of our business. Any disruption or loss of information technology or telecommunications systems on which critical aspects of our operations depend could have an adverse effect on our business.

Security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we may collect and store sensitive data, including legally protected health information, personal information, intellectual property and proprietary business information owned or controlled by ourselves or our customers, payors, and collaborators. We manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing a combination of on-site systems, managed data center systems, and cloud-based data center systems. We may communicate sensitive patient data to customers through our Platform. These applications and data encompass a wide variety of business-critical information and regulated information including research and development information, commercial information, and business and financial information. We face risks relative to protecting

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this critical information, including: loss of access risk; inappropriate disclosure risk; inappropriate modification risk; and the risk of our being unable to adequately monitor our controls over the first three risks.

The secure processing, storage, maintenance, and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy, and we devote significant resources to protecting such information. Although we take measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure, and that of our third-party service providers, may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or viruses or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions. Any such breach or interruption could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, such as the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, as amended, and its implementing regulations, and regulatory penalties. Although we have implemented commercially reasonable security measures and a formal, dedicated enterprise security program to prevent unauthorized access to patient data, our Platform gives broad access to physicians, where we lose ability to control access, and there is no guarantee we can continue to protect our online portal and mobile application from breach. Further, as we develop products and features that may be used or accessed outside of the traditional healthcare setting, there will be additional challenges to protecting the security of information and systems. Unauthorized access, loss or dissemination could also disrupt our operations, including our Platform’s ability to conduct analyses and provide test results and our ability to provide customer assistance services, conduct research and development activities, collect, process, and prepare company financial information, provide information about our products and other patient and healthcare provider education and outreach efforts through our website or otherwise, manage the administrative aspects of our business, and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Civil Rights may impose significant penalties on a covered entity or a business associate for a failure to comply with a requirement of HIPAA. Penalties will vary significantly depending on a variety of factors such as the date of the violation or whether the failure to comply was known or should have been known, or whether failure to comply was due to willful neglect. Additionally, a person who knowingly obtains or discloses individually identifiable health information in violation of HIPAA may face a criminal penalty and imprisonment. The U.S. Department of Justice is responsible for criminal prosecutions under HIPAA. HIPAA also authorizes state attorneys general to file suit on behalf of their residents. Courts may award damages, costs and attorneys’ fees related to violations of HIPAA in such cases. While HIPAA does not create a private right of action allowing individuals to sue us in civil court for violations of HIPAA, its standards have been used as the basis for duty of care in state civil suits such as those for negligence or recklessness in the misuse or breach of protected health information. Furthermore, in the event of a breach as defined by HIPAA, we may be required to comply with specific reporting requirements under the HIPAA regulations, which may include notification to the general public, depending on the scale of the breach.

In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer, health-related, and data protection laws in the United States, Europe and elsewhere are often uncertain, contradictory, and in flux. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices. If so, this could result in government-imposed fines or orders requiring that we change our practices, which could adversely affect our business or reputation. In addition, these privacy regulations may differ from country to country, and may vary based on whether testing is performed in the United States or in the local country. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business.

Economic or business instability may have a negative impact on our business.

Continuing concerns over the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, health care reform legislation, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit, and government stimulus programs in the United States and other countries have contributed to volatility for the global economy. If the economic climate does not improve, our business, including our access to patient samples and the addressable market for diagnostic tests that we may successfully develop, as well as the financial condition of our suppliers and our commercial third-party payors, could be adversely affected, resulting in a negative impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Additionally, the instability has resulted in diminished liquidity and credit availability in the market, which could

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impair our ability to access capital if required or adversely affect our operations. In the event of further economic slowdown, investment in research and development may also experience a further corresponding slowdown.

If we fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business.

We are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures and the handling, use, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. Our operations involve the use of hazardous and flammable materials, including chemicals and biological materials. Our operations also produce hazardous waste products. We generally contract with third parties for the disposal of these materials and wastes. We cannot eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of contamination or injury resulting from our use of hazardous materials, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our resources. We also could incur significant costs associated with civil or criminal fines and penalties. Although we maintain workers’ compensation insurance to cover us for costs and expenses we may incur due to injuries to our employees resulting from the use of hazardous materials, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. We do not maintain insurance for environmental liability or toxic tort claims that may be asserted against us in connection with our storage or disposal of biological, hazardous or radioactive materials.

Our borrowing arrangements contain restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business.

In September 2019, LumiraDx Investment Ltd., one of our subsidiaries, entered into a senior secured term loan and security agreement, or the senior secured loan, with Kennedy Lewis Investment Management LLC, or Kennedy Lewis, and certain other lenders, or the lenders. We have borrowed $40.0 million under the senior secured loan and the senior secured loan provides for up to a further $50.0 million to be borrowed subject to certain conditions being met, which we may not achieve. The senior secured loan has been guaranteed and secured by certain of our subsidiaries. The senior secured loan contains various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions, including:

A breach of any of the covenants under the senior secured loan could result in a default. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the senior secured loan, the lender could elect to declare all amounts outstanding to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If we are unable to repay those amounts, the lender could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure such indebtedness.

We have also borrowed $18.0 million from the BMGF pursuant to a note, which is subordinated to the senior secured loan. In the event of certain triggering events under such note, the BMGF may exercise its rights under our other agreements with the BMGF to require us to perform certain technology transfers to a third party to allow for the use of the related technology and to manufacture the relevant products under a license granted by us to the BMGF. If we were required by BMGF to make a technology transfer, it could have a significant adverse effect on us and our business, as we would be transferring significant intellectual property for no consideration.

Risks Relating to Government Regulation

If commercial third-party payors or government payors fail to provide coverage or adequate reimbursement for our Platform or future products we develop, if any, our revenue and prospects for profitability would be harmed.

In both domestic and foreign markets, the commercial success of our Platform and any future products we may develop will depend on the extent to which we obtain and maintain coverage and adequate reimbursement from governments or third-party payors. These third-party payors include government healthcare programs (such as Medicare and Medicaid in the U.S. or national or regional health services or payors in other jurisdictions), managed care organizations, health maintenance organizations, private health insurers, and other organizations. Physicians

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may not use our Platform or diagnostic tests unless commercial third-party payors and government payors pay for all, or a substantial portion, of the list price, and certain commercial third-party payors may not agree to reimburse our Platform if the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, or pricing and reimbursement authorities in other jurisdictions do not issue a positive coverage decision.

In the U.S., CMS decides whether and to what extent a product will be covered and reimbursed under Medicare and private payors tend to follow CMS to a substantial degree. Therefore, we believe that obtaining and maintaining a favorable reimbursement rate from CMS for our Platform will be a necessary element in achieving material commercial success. Healthcare providers and patients may not order our Platform unless third-party payors pay for all, or a substantial portion, of the list price, and certain commercial third-party payors may not agree to reimburse our Platform if CMS does not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement.

If CMS denies reimbursement of our Platform, withdraws its coverage policies after reimbursement is obtained, reviews and adjusts the rate of reimbursement, or stops paying for our Platform altogether, our revenue and results of operations would be adversely effected. Additionally, we could experience negative consequences, including:

Coverage and reimbursement of diagnostic tests by third-party payors may depend on a number of factors, including a payor’s determination that our Platform or other products are:

In the U.S., no uniform policy for coverage and reimbursement for products exists among third-party payors. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for our products can differ significantly from payor to payor. The process for determining whether a payor will provide coverage for a product may be separate from the process for setting the reimbursement rate that the payor will pay for the product. One payor’s determination to provide coverage for a product does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage and reimbursement for the product. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a product does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Patients who are prescribed treatments for their conditions and providers performing the prescribed services generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the associated healthcare costs. If coverage and adequate reimbursement is not maintained or made available, or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our Platform. We cannot be sure that coverage and reimbursement will be maintained or made available for, or accurately estimate the potential revenue from, our Platform or assure that coverage and reimbursement will be available for any product that we have or may develop. If we cannot maintain or obtain coverage and adequate reimbursement from third party payors for our Platform or any future products, demand for such products may decline or may not grow as we expect, which could limit our ability to generate revenue and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

In both domestic and foreign jurisdictions, third-party payors, including government payors, are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs by demanding price discounts or rebates and limiting both coverage on which

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diagnostic products they will pay for and the amounts that they will pay for new diagnostic products. Because of the cost-containment trends, third-party payors that currently provide reimbursement for, or in the future cover, our Platform may reduce, suspend, revoke, or discontinue payments or coverage at any time.

As a result, there is significant uncertainty surrounding whether the use of products that incorporate new technology, such as our Platform, will be eligible for coverage by third-party payors or, if eligible for coverage, what the reimbursement rates will be for those products. The fact that a diagnostic product has been covered and reimbursed in the past, for any particular indication or in any particular jurisdiction, does not guarantee that such a diagnostic product will remain covered or reimbursed or that similar or additional diagnostic products will be covered or reimbursed in the future.

In some foreign countries, the proposed pricing for a product must be approved before it may be lawfully marketed. The requirements governing pricing vary widely from country to country. For example, in the European Union while most Member States apply some sort of pricing measures or controls, pricing and reimbursement of IVDs is not harmonized at a European level. Member States in the European Union have exclusive competence to determine pricing and reimbursement of IVDs within their jurisdiction. In addition, many jurisdictions reimburse IVDs as part of the costs associated with certain treatments or procedures. In those cases, the pricing and reimbursement of our tests will be determined by the costs allocated to testing as part of the procedure and whether the relevant health service will select and procure our products. Therefore, the price we obtain for our products will vary depending on the different statutory health schemes within each Member State. There can be no assurance that any country that has price controls or reimbursement limitations for diagnostic products will allow favorable reimbursement and pricing arrangements for any of our products. Historically, products launched in the European Union do not follow price structures of the U.S. and generally prices tend to be significantly lower.

The U.S. and foreign governments continue to propose and enact or promulgate legislation, regulations, guidance and other policies designed to reduce the cost of healthcare. For example, in some foreign markets, the government controls the pricing of many healthcare products. We expect that there will continue to be federal and state proposals to implement governmental controls or impose healthcare requirements. In addition, the Medicare program and increasing emphasis on managed care in the U.S. will continue to put pressure on product pricing. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that we would receive for any products in the future, which would limit our revenue and profitability.

Payors from whom we may receive reimbursement are able to withdraw or decrease the amount of reimbursement provided for our products at any time in the future.

Our commercial success also depends on our ability to maintain coverage and adequate reimbursement from those payors that decide to cover and reimburse our Platform. Further, one payor’s determination to provide coverage for a product does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage and reimbursement for the product, and the level of coverage and reimbursement can differ significantly from payor to payor. Payors could withdraw coverage and stop providing reimbursement for our products in the future or may reimburse our products only on a case-by-case basis.

Further, even if we obtain written agreements regarding coverage and reimbursement with certain payors, these agreements are not guarantees of indefinite coverage in an adequate amount. For example, these agreements are typically terminable without cause by either party and are typically renewable annually, and the applicable payor could opt against renewal upon expiration. In addition, the terms of certain of our written arrangements may require pre-approval from the payor or other controls and procedures prior to use by a healthcare provider. To the extent these requirements are not followed, our Platform may fail to receive some or all of the reimbursement payments to which it is otherwise entitled. These payors must also conclude that claims for our Platform satisfy the applicable contractual criteria. In addition, our written agreements regarding reimbursement with payors may not guarantee the receipt of reimbursement payments at what we believe to be the applicable reimbursement rate for such claims. If payors withdraw coverage for our products or reduce the reimbursement amounts for our products, our ability to generate revenue could be limited, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

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Our business and sale of our products are subject to extensive regulatory requirements, including compliance with labeling, manufacturing and reporting controls. If we fail or are unable to timely obtain the necessary authorizations, approvals or clearances for new products, our ability to generate revenue could be materially harmed.

Our products are classified as medical devices and are subject to extensive regulation in the U.K., Europe and the U.S. by FDA and other federal, state and local authorities and by similar regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions. Government regulation of medical devices is meant to assure their safety and effectiveness, and includes regulation of, among other things:

In the U.S., before we can market a new medical device, or a new use of, or claim for, an existing product, we must first receive either 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, Premarket Approval, or PMA, or EUA from FDA, unless an exemption applies.

The process of obtaining a PMA is much more costly and uncertain than the 510(k) clearance process and generally takes from one to three years, or longer, from the time the application is submitted to FDA until an approval is obtained. The process of obtaining 510(k) clearances or PMA approvals to market a medical device can be costly and time consuming, and we may not be able to obtain these clearances or approvals on a timely basis, if at all.

An EUA may be granted for unapproved medical products, including IVDs, which authorizes the products to be marketed in the context of an actual or potential emergency that has been designated by the government. The COVID-19 pandemic has been designated such a national emergency. EUAs authorize the use of specific products based on criteria established by statute, including that the product at issue may be effective in diagnosing, treating, or preventing serious or life-threatening diseases when there are no adequate, approved, and available alternatives. An EUA is subject to additional conditions and restrictions and is product-specific. An EUA terminates when the emergency determination underlying the EUA terminates.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain any 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, PMA approval or EUA. FDA can delay, limit or deny 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, PMA approval or EUA of a device for many reasons, including:

FDA may refuse our requests for 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, premarket approval or EUA of new products, new intended uses or modifications to existing products. Additionally, even if obtained, 510(k) clearances, de novo classifications, premarket approvals or EUAs could be withdrawn or revoked at any time for a number of

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reasons, including the failure of our Platform to perform as expected. In particular, other companies have had their FDA approvals, including EUAs, revoked due to sensitivity and specificity concerns, and we cannot predict the circumstances under which the FDA would revoke an EUA for a COVID-19 test, including ours, as an understanding of the virus and the adequacy of tests and treatments is continuously evolving.

We will need to submit numerous applications for approval/clearance for each test as it becomes available, which could put significant pressure on R&D and regulatory staff, resulting in delays. From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in the U.K, other European jurisdictions or the U.S. that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing any regulatory approval, classification or clearance that we receive in such jurisdictions. In addition, in the U.S., the FDA may change its clearance, classification and approval policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions that may prevent or delay approval, classification or clearance of our products under development or impact our ability to modify any marketed products on a timely basis.

Changes in the way the FDA and other comparable regulatory authorities regulate or notified bodies assess products developed, manufactured, validated and marketed by commercial manufacturers like us could result in delay or additional expense in offering our products and products that we may develop in the future.

In the U.S., we have marketed our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, and plan to market our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, if approved, authorized or cleared, pursuant to the “Policy for Diagnostic Tests for Coronavirus Disease-2019 during the Public Health Emergency” issued by FDA on March 16, 2020 and revised on May 11, 2020. This policy allows for the limited development and distribution of diagnostic test kits and antibody tests to detect viral particles and identify antibodies of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by commercial manufacturers, subject to certain notification requirements. Unless and until such an EUA is issued that authorizes additional testing environments for a specific test, under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988, or CLIA, use of that test is limited to laboratories certified to perform high complexity testing, including testing at the POC when the site is covered by the laboratory’s CLIA certificate for high-complexity testing. We have obtained an EUA for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and we plan to submit an EUA request for our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. An EUA allows our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test to be used at POC facilities with a CLIA waiver if granted. There can be no assurance that the EUA request that we submit for our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test will be granted on a timely basis or that our SARS-CoV-2 antigen or SARS-CoV-2 antibody test will receive a CLIA waiver. A wave of regulatory applications in the U.S., combined with COVID-19 operational challenges, including potential staff shortages at regulatory agencies and elsewhere, could result in delays in approvals for our SARS-CoV-2 tests or otherwise. FDA or other comparable regulatory agencies may prioritize certain applications or submissions for approval based on the testing methodologies or other factors. In addition, FDA has issued and may issue further guidance or change regulatory requirements at any time, which may delay our marketing and sales efforts and/or necessitate costly measures to maintain regulatory compliance with respect to these and any future products, which would have a detrimental effect on our business.

LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 antigen, LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR, and the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete have not been cleared or approved by FDA. The LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 antigen test has been authorized by FDA under an EUA only for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR has been authorized by FDA under an EUA only for the detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2. They have not been authorized for use to detect any other viruses or pathogens. The tests are authorized in the U.S. for the duration of the declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of IVD tests for detection and/or diagnosis of COVID-19 under Section 564(b)(1) of the Act, 21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-3(b)(1), unless the authorization is terminated or revoked sooner.

For our IVD devices for other indications, we may not market these devices for POC until we have received the requisite regulatory approvals, clearances or certifications for each product. Our product development program may be curtailed, redirected, eliminated or delayed at any time for many reasons, including if FDA, other regulators or notified bodies change how these devices are regulated or assessed, and we cannot predict whether we will successfully develop and commercialize these devices. FDA or a comparable regulatory authority may require more information, including additional clinical data, to support approval, clearance or certifications, which may delay or prevent approval and our commercialization plans, or we may decide to abandon the development program. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial prospects of our products.

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Healthcare policy changes, including legislation reforming the U.S. health care system, may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In the U.S. and in some foreign jurisdictions, there have been, and likely will continue to be, a number of legislative initiatives and regulatory changes regarding the healthcare system directed at broadening the availability of healthcare, improving the quality of healthcare, and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. For example, in March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or ACA, was enacted, which made a number of substantial changes in the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers. Among other things, the ACA required each certain medical device manufacturer to pay an excise tax, or Medical Device Excise Tax, equal to 2.3% of the price for which such manufacturer sells its medical devices that are listed with FDA. However, this tax was permanently eliminated as part of the 2020 federal spending package, effective January 1, 2020.

Since its enactment, there have been numerous judicial, administrative, executive, and legislative challenges to certain aspects of the ACA, and we expect there will be additional challenges and amendments to the ACA in the future. For example, various portions of the ACA are currently undergoing statutory and constitutional challenges in the United States Supreme Court. Additionally, the Trump Administration has issued various Executive Orders that eliminated cost sharing subsidies and delayed or attempted to forestall the implementation of ACA provisions that would impose a fiscal burden on states or a cost, fee, tax, penalty or regulatory burden on individuals, healthcare providers, health insurers, or manufacturers of pharmaceuticals or medical devices, and Congress has introduced several pieces of legislation aimed at significantly revising or repealing the ACA. Also, in December 2018, CMS issued a final rule permitting further collections and payments to and from certain ACA qualified health plans and health insurance issuers under the ACA risk adjustment program. Since then, the ACA risk adjustment program payment parameters have been updated annually. It is unclear whether the ACA will be overturned, repealed, replaced, or further amended. We cannot predict what affect further changes to the ACA would have on our business.

In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the ACA was enacted. The Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014, or PAMA, was signed to law on April 1, 2014, and, among other things, significantly altered the payment methodology under the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule, or CLFS. The CFLS applies to a wide variety of laboratories, including national chains, physician offices, and hospital laboratories. Regulations finalized in 2016 stipulated that for the reporting period beginning in 2017 and every three years thereafter (or annually in the case of advanced diagnostic laboratory tests), applicable clinical laboratories must report laboratory test payment data for each Medicare-covered clinical diagnostic laboratory test that it furnishes during the specified time period. The reported data must include the payment rate (reflecting all discounts, rebates, coupons and other price concessions) and the volume of each test that was paid by each private payor (including health insurance issuers, group health plans, Medicare Advantage plans and Medicaid managed care organizations). Additionally, effective January 1, 2018, the Medicare payment rate for a test on the CLFS is equal to the weighted median of private payor rates determined for the test, based on the data of applicable laboratories that are collected during a specified data collection period and reported to CMS during a specified data reporting period. The payment amount for a test cannot drop more than 10 percent as compared to the previous year’s payment amount for the first three years after implementation of the new payment system, and not more than 15 percent per year for the subsequent three years. Under the Laboratory Access to Beneficiaries, or LAB Act, Congress delayed reporting for applicable clinical laboratory tests that are not advanced diagnostic laboratory tests by one year. Applicable clinical laboratory test data that was supposed to be reported between January 1, 2020 and March 31, 2020, must now be reported between January 1, 2021, and March 31, 2021. For 2020, the rates for clinical laboratory tests that are not advanced diagnostic laboratory tests or new clinical laboratory tests may not be reduced by more than 10% of the rates for 2019. There will be a 15% reduction cap for each of 2021, 2022, and 2023. Also, under PAMA, CMS is required to adopt temporary billing codes to identify new tests and new advanced diagnostic laboratory tests that have been cleared or approved by FDA. For an existing test that is cleared or approved by FDA and for which Medicare payment is made as of April 1, 2014, CMS is required to assign a unique billing code if one has not already been assigned by the agency. In addition to assigning the code, CMS is required to publicly report payment for the tests. Further, under PAMA, CMS is required to adopt temporary billing codes to identify new tests and new advanced diagnostic laboratory tests that have been cleared or approved by FDA. We cannot determine at this time the full impact of PAMA on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Additionally, the Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, created the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to recommend proposals in spending reductions to Congress. The Joint Select Committee did not achieve its targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, triggering the legislation’s automatic reduction to several government programs. This includes aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers and suppliers of up to 2% per fiscal year, starting in 2013, and, due to subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, will remain in effect through 2030 unless additional congressional action is taken. However, pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, these Medicare sequester reductions will be suspended from May 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The full impact of the sequester law on our business is uncertain. On January 2, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 was signed into law, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several types of providers, including hospitals and cancer treatment centers, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. In addition, the Middle-Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 mandated an additional change in Medicare reimbursement for clinical laboratory tests. Additionally, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, or BBA, among other things, amended the ACA, effective January 1, 2019, by increasing the point-of-sale discount (from 50% under the ACA to 70%) that is owed by pharmaceutical manufacturers who participate in Medicare Part D to eligible beneficiaries and closing the coverage gap in most Medicare drug plans, commonly referred to as the “donut hole”. Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors.

In addition, we may develop new assays that may require obtaining a Current Procedure Terminology, or CPT, procedure code. CMS prices the new clinical diagnostic laboratory test codes using a “crosswalking” or “gapfilling” process. “Crosswalking” occurs when a new test or substantially revised test is determined to be similar to an existing test, multiple existing test codes, or a portion of an existing test code, which can then be utilized to determine a payment. “Gapfilling” is a process by which CMS will refer the codes to the Medicare Administrative Contractors to allow them to determine an appropriate price, since there is no comparable code. After a year of payment at the local MAC rates, CMS calculates a national limitation amount based on the median of rates for the test code across all MACs. In addition, CMS does not recognize certain of the new codes for Multi-analyte Assays with Algorithmic Analyses, or MAAAs, because it does not believe they qualify as clinical laboratory tests. CMS has left the approval of new codes for MAAAs under the purview of the MACs. Our reimbursement could be adversely affected by CMS’ action in this area. If it reduces reimbursement for the new test codes or does not pay for our new MAAA codes, then our revenue will be adversely affected. There can be no guarantees that Medicare and other payors will establish positive or adequate coverage policies or reimbursement rates. We cannot predict whether future health care initiatives will be implemented at the federal or state level, or how any future legislation or regulation may affect us. The expansion of government’s role in the U.S. health care industry, and changes to the reimbursement amounts paid by Medicare and other payors for our current tests and our planned future tests, may reduce our profits, if any, and have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We cannot predict whether future health care initiatives will be implemented at the federal or state level, or how any future legislation or regulation may affect us. Congress has proposed on several occasions to impose a 20% coinsurance on patients for clinical laboratory tests reimbursed under the Medicare Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule, which would require us to bill patients for these amounts. Because of the relatively low reimbursement for many clinical laboratory tests, in the event that Congress were to ever enact such legislation, the cost of billing and collecting for these tests would often exceed the amount actually received from the patient and effectively increase our costs of billing and collecting.

The regulatory pathway for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen and SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests and healthcare professionals’ understanding of the novel coronavirus is continually evolving and may result in unexpected or unforeseen challenges.

We have obtained an EUA for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and plan to submit an EUA request for our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. Additionally, in the European Union we obtained a CE Mark for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and we are in the process of self-certifying and CE marking the SARS-CoV-2 antibody test so it can be placed on the market and we may submit such tests for regulatory approval or clearance in other jurisdictions. The volume of tests being developed for COVID-19 and the speed at which parties are acting to create and test many diagnostic tests for

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COVID-19 is unusual, and evolving or changing plans or priorities within regulatory authorities, including changes based on new knowledge of COVID-19 and how the disease affects the human body, may significantly affect the regulatory timeline for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen and SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests. The circumstances surrounding the pandemic may adversely impact the regulatory approval timeline for the Platform and its components both in relation to the COVID-19 test, and our other tests generally if regulatory authorities prioritize tests for COVID-19 over other diseases). Results from clinical testing may raise new questions and require us to proceed with additional reviews or clinical trials, including revising proposed endpoints or adding new clinical trial sites or cohorts of subjects. Additionally, our understanding of COVID-19, its infectiveness and other effects on the human body, the ability of individuals to develop antibodies against the virus and the effectiveness of any immune response in preventing future infections are constantly evolving, with new research suggesting sometimes surprising results being published on a frequent basis. New discoveries or a changed understanding of how the virus affects the human body, particularly of its infectivity and individuals’ immune response to it, could render existing tests, including ours, technologically or commercially obsolete or inferior to new methods that we may or may not be able to develop on a timely basis without significant resources and funding.

Even though we have obtained an EUA for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and even if we obtain an EUA for our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, an EUA terminates when the emergency determination underlying the EUA terminates. Moreover, FDA may revoke an EUA at any time if it determines that the underlying health emergency no longer exists or warrants such authorization or if our Platform or tests fail to perform as expected, and we therefore cannot predict how long, if ever, any EUA applicable to our Platform would remain in place. Any revocation or termination of an EUA applicable to our Platform could adversely impact our business in a variety of ways, including if we and our manufacturing collaborators have invested significantly in the supply chain to produce our SARS-CoV-2 tests.

In addition, since the regulatory path to authorization of any COVID-19 test is evolving in various jurisdictions and other third parties are simultaneously focused on bringing their COVID-19 tests to market, there may be a widely used product in circulation in a specific country prior to our receipt of regulatory approval or clearance or before we can CE Mark our Instrument in such country, which would limit our ability to market and gain traction on sale of our Platform. Unexpected issues, including any that we have not yet observed, could lead to significant reputational damage for us and our Platform going forward and other issues, including delays in our other programs, the need for re-design of our clinical trials and the need for significant additional financial resources.

If we fail to comply with the complex federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations that apply to our business, we could suffer severe consequences that could materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We are or expect to become subject to broadly applicable healthcare laws, including fraud and abuse, transparency, and privacy and security laws, which are regulated and enforced by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. These health care laws and regulations include, for example:

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The scope and enforcement of each of these laws is uncertain and subject to rapid change in the current environment of healthcare reform, especially in light of the lack of applicable precedent and regulations. Ensuring business arrangements comply with applicable healthcare laws, as well as responding to possible investigations by government authorities, can be time- and resource-consuming and can divert the company’s attention from the business.

It is possible that governmental and enforcement authorities will conclude that our business practices, including our arrangements with physicians and other healthcare providers, some of whom may receive stock options as compensation for services provided, may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law interpreting applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other government regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to significant sanctions, including civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, imprisonment, reputational harm, exclusion from participation in federal and state funded healthcare programs, contractual damages and the curtailment or restricting of our operations, as well as additional reporting obligations and oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or other agreement to resolve allegations of non-compliance with these laws. Further, if any of the physicians or other healthcare providers or entities with whom we expect to do business are found to be not in compliance with applicable laws, they may be subject to similar penalties. Any action for violation of these laws, even if successfully defended, could incur significant legal expenses and divert management’s attention from the operation of the business. In addition, the marketing authorization and commercialization of any product we develop outside the U.S. will also likely subject us to foreign equivalents of the healthcare laws mentioned above, among other foreign laws. All of these could harm our ability to operate our business and our financial results.

Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements with third parties will comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations will involve substantial costs. The shifting compliance environment and the need to build and maintain robust and expandable systems to comply with multiple jurisdictions with different compliance or reporting requirements increases the possibility that we may run afoul of one or more of the requirements.

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Sales of our products in other jurisdictions, including the European Union/European Economic Area, will also be subject to equivalent or comparable laws and failure to comply with these laws could have serious financial, as well as reputational, consequences for the company. Key laws and regulations that apply to our products in the European Union include, amongst others:

Additionally, our failure to comply could lead to civil and/or criminal penalties in individual Member States.

When we seek to commercially distribute our POC IVD devices in the U.S., if our devices are not considered CLIA waived or if we are delayed in or unable to obtain a CLIA waiver for such devices, our business may be harmed.

In the U.S., our IVD devices are subject to compliance with the Clinical Laboratory Improvements Act of 1988, or the CLIA and its implementing regulations. CLIA establishes quality standards for all laboratory testing to ensure the accuracy, reliability and timeliness of patient test results regardless of where the test is performed. A laboratory is broadly defined to include any facility that performs laboratory testing on specimens derived from humans for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of disease, or the impairment of, or assessment of health. Under CLIA, FDA categorizes IVD tests by their degree of complexity: (1) waived; (2) moderately complex; and (3) highly complex. When a test is categorized as waived, it may only be performed by laboratories that have a Certificate of Waiver.

Tests that are waived by the CLIA regulations are automatically categorized as waived following 510(k) clearance or PMA approval. Otherwise, following clearance or approval, tests may be categorized either as moderate or high complexity according to the CLIA categorization criteria. A manufacturer of a test categorized as moderate complexity may request categorization of the test as waived through a CLIA Waiver by Application, or CW, submission to FDA. In a CW submission, the manufacturer provides evidence to FDA that a test meets the CLIA statutory criteria for waiver. Specifically, waived tests are simple laboratory examinations and procedures that have an insignificant risk of an erroneous result, including those that (A) employ methodologies that are so simple and accurate as to render the likelihood of erroneous results by the user negligible, or (B) FDA has determined pose no unreasonable risk of harm to the patient if performed incorrectly. A CLIA waiver is critical to the marketability of a product into the point-of-care diagnostics market. With regard to future products for which we may seek a CLIA waiver from FDA, any failure or material delay to obtain such waiver could harm our business and could harm the marketability of our products to the point-of-care diagnostics market.

We are subject to stringent and changing privacy laws, information security laws, regulations, policies and contractual obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our reputation, subject us to significant fines and liability, or otherwise adversely affect our business.

We collect, store, process and transmit sensitive data, including legally protected health information, personal information, intellectual property and proprietary business information. As we seek to expand our business, we are, and will increasingly become, subject to numerous state, federal and foreign laws, regulations and standards, as well as contractual obligations, relating to the collection, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of sensitive and personal information in the jurisdictions in which we operate. In many cases, these laws, regulations and standards apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information between or among us, our subsidiaries and other parties with which we have commercial relationships and our subsidiaries’ own data collection and processing practices. These laws, regulations and standards may be interpreted and applied differently over time and from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and it is possible that they will be interpreted and applied in ways that will materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The regulatory framework for data privacy, data security and data transfers worldwide is rapidly evolving, and there has been an increasing focus on privacy and data protection issues with the potential to affect our business, and as a result, interpretation and implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could result in enforcement actions against us, including fines,

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imprisonment of company officials and public censure, claims for damages by affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

There are numerous U.K. and U.S. federal and state laws and regulations related to the privacy and security of health information. These laws and regulations include HIPAA, as amended by the HITECH Act, and their respective implementing regulations, which establish a set of national privacy and security standards for the protection of protected health information by health plans, healthcare clearinghouses and certain healthcare providers, referred to as covered entities, and the business associates with whom such covered entities contract for services. HIPAA requires covered entities and business associates to develop and maintain policies and procedures with respect to protected health information that is used or disclosed, including the adoption of administrative, physical and technical safeguards to protect such information and ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic protected health information. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Civil Rights may impose penalties for a failure to comply with a requirement of HIPAA. Penalties will vary significantly depending on factors such as the date of the violation, whether the failure to comply was known or should have been known, or whether the failure was due to willful neglect. These penalties include significant civil monetary penalties, criminal penalties and, in certain instances, imprisonment. HIPAA also authorizes state attorneys general to file suit on behalf of their residents. Courts may award damages, costs and attorneys’ fees related to violations of HIPAA in such cases. While HIPAA does not create a private right of action allowing individuals to sue us in civil court for violations of HIPAA, its standards have been used as the basis for duty of care in state civil suits such as those for negligence or recklessness in the misuse or breach of protected health information. Furthermore, in the event of a breach as defined by HIPAA, we may be required to comply with specific reporting requirements under HIPAA regulations. In the event of a significant breach, the reporting requirements could include notification to the general public. Enforcement activity can result in reputational harm, and responses to such enforcement activity can consume significant internal resources. Additionally, if we are unable to properly protect the privacy and security of protected health information we create, receive, maintain, or transmit on behalf of our covered entity customers, we could be found to have breached our contracts as well as HIPAA and other applicable data privacy and security laws. Determining whether protected health information has been handled in compliance with applicable privacy standards and our contractual obligations can be complex and we cannot be sure how these regulations will be interpreted, enforced or applied to our operations.

In addition, many states in which we operate have laws that protect the privacy and security of sensitive and personal information. Certain state laws may be more stringent or broader in scope, or offer greater individual rights, with respect to sensitive and personal information than federal, international or other state laws, and such laws may differ from each other, which may complicate compliance efforts. Where state laws are more protective than HIPAA, we must comply with the state laws we are subject to, in addition to HIPAA. In certain cases, it may be necessary to modify our planned operations and procedures to comply with these more stringent state laws. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, or the CCPA, which increases privacy rights for California residents and imposes stringent data privacy and security obligations on companies that process their personal information, came into effect on January 1, 2020. Among other things, the CCPA requires covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers and provide such consumers new data protection and privacy rights, including the ability to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. However, certain personal information, such as information that is subject to HIPAA or clinical trial regulations, is exempt from the CCPA. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal information. This private right of action may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. Further, there is uncertainty with respect to how various provisions of the CCPA will be interpreted and enforced. While the implementing regulations have not been finalized to date, the California State Attorney General’s authority to enforce the statutory provisions commenced as of July 1, 2020. While any information we maintain in our role as a business associate may be exempt from the CCPA, other records and information we maintain on our customers may be subject to the CCPA. New legislation and state constitutional amendments proposed or enacted in several U.S. states impose, or have the potential to impose, additional obligations on companies that collect, store, use, retain, disclose, transfer and otherwise process confidential, sensitive and personal information, and will continue to shape the data privacy environment nationally. State laws are changing rapidly and there is discussion in Congress of a new federal data protection and privacy law to which we could become subject if it is enacted. All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time, may require us to modify our

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data processing practices and policies, divert resources from other initiatives and projects, and could restrict the way products and services involving data are offered, all of which may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Laws, regulations and standards in many foreign jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal information, which impose significant compliance obligations. For example, in the EU and the U.K., the processing of personal data, including clinical trial data, is governed by the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679), or the GDPR. Following the U.K.’s withdrawal from the EU on January 31, 2020, pursuant to the transitional arrangements agreed between the U.K. and EU, the GDPR continues to have effect in U.K. law, until December 31, 2020, in the same fashion as was the case prior to that withdrawal as if the U.K. remained a member state of the EU for such purposes. Following December 31, 2020, it is likely that the data protection obligations of the GDPR will continue to apply to U.K.-based organization’s processing of personal data in substantially unvaried form and fashion, for at least the short term thereafter. The GDPR imposes stringent data privacy and security requirements on both processors and controllers of personal data, including health data and personal data collected during clinical trials. In particular, the GDPR imposes requirements relating to ensuring there is a lawful basis for processing personal data, extends the rights of individuals to whom the personal data relates, materially expands the definition of what is expressly noted to constitute personal data, requires additional disclosures about how personal data is to be used, imposes limitations on retention of personal data, imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal data out of the EEA to third countries, creates mandatory data breach notification requirements in certain circumstances, and establishes onerous new obligations on service providers who process personal data simply on behalf of others in connection with their EU establishment. The GDPR authorizes competent authorities to impose penalties and fines for certain violations of up to 4% of an undertaking’s total global annual revenue for the preceding financial year or €20 million, whichever is greater. In addition to administrative fines, a wide variety of other potential enforcement powers are available to competent authorities in respect of potential and suspected violations of the GDPR, including extensive audit and inspection rights, and powers to order temporary or permanent bans on all or some processing of personal data carried out by noncompliant actors. European data protection authorities may interpret the GDPR and national laws differently and impose additional requirements, which contributes to the complexity of processing personal data in or from the EEA or U.K. Given the breadth and depth of changes in data protection obligations, complying with its requirements has caused us to expend significant resources and such expenditures are likely to continue into the near future as we respond to new interpretations, additional guidance, and potential enforcement actions and patterns. While we have taken steps to comply with the GDPR, and implementing legislation in applicable member states, including by seeking to establish appropriate lawful bases for the various processing activities we carry out as a controller, reviewing our security procedures, and entering into data processing agreements with relevant customers and business partners, we cannot assure you that our efforts to achieve and remain in compliance have been, and/or will continue to be, fully successful.

We make public statements about our use and disclosure of personal information through our privacy policy, information provided on our internet platform and press statements. Although we endeavor to comply with our public statements and documentation, we may at times fail to do so or be alleged to have failed to do so. Moreover, despite our efforts, we may not be successful in achieving compliance if our employees, consultants, or vendors fail to comply with our published policies, certifications and documentation. The publication of our privacy policy and other statements that provide promises and assurances about data privacy and security can subject us to potential government or legal action if they are found to be deceptive, unfair or misrepresentative of our actual practices. Any failure, real or perceived, by us to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any legal or regulatory requirements, standards, certifications or orders or other privacy or consumer protection-related laws and regulations applicable to us could cause our customers to reduce their use of our products and services and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In many jurisdictions, enforcement actions and consequences for non-compliance can be significant and are rising. In addition, from time to time, concerns may be expressed about whether our products, services or processes compromise the privacy of customers and others. Concerns about our practices with regard to the collection, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal information or other privacy-related matters, even if unfounded, could damage our reputation and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Many statutory requirements, both in the U.S. and abroad, include obligations for companies to notify individuals of security breaches involving certain personal information, which could result from breaches experienced by us or our third-party service providers. For example, laws in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia require businesses to provide notice to consumers whose sensitive personal information has been disclosed as a result of a data breach. These laws are not consistent, and compliance in the event of a widespread data breach is difficult and may be costly. Moreover, states have been frequently amending existing laws, requiring attention to changing regulatory requirements. We also may be contractually required to notify customers or other counterparties of a security breach. Although we may have contractual protections with our third-party service providers, contractors and consultants, any actual or perceived security breach could harm our reputation and brand, expose us to potential liability or require us to expend significant resources on data security and in responding to any such actual or perceived breach. Any contractual protections we may have from our third-party service providers, contractors or consultants may not be sufficient to adequately protect us from any such liabilities and losses, and we may be unable to enforce any such contractual protections.

In addition to the possibility of fines, lawsuits, regulatory investigations, public censure, other claims and penalties, and significant costs for remediation and damage to our reputation, we could be materially and adversely affected if legislation or regulations are expanded in a manner that requires changes in our data processing practices and policies or if governing jurisdictions interpret or implement their legislation or regulations in ways that negatively impact our business. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business. Any inability to adequately address data privacy or security-related concerns, even if unfounded, or to comply with applicable laws, regulations, standards and other obligations relating to data privacy and security, could result in additional cost and liability to us, harm our reputation and brand, damage our relationships with customers and have a material and adverse impact on our business.

If the validity of an informed consent from a patient enrolled in a clinical trial was challenged, we could be forced to stop using some of our resources, which would hinder our product development efforts.

We have implemented measures to ensure that all clinical data and genetic and other biological samples that we receive from our collaborators have been collected from subjects who have provided appropriate informed consent for purposes which extend to our product development activities. We seek to ensure these data and samples are provided to us on a subject de-identified or pseudonymized manner. We also have measures in place to ensure that the subjects from whom the data and samples are collected do not retain or have conferred on them any proprietary or commercial rights to the data or any discoveries derived from them. Our clinical research organization, or CRO, collaborators conduct clinical trials in a number of different countries, and, to a large extent, we rely upon them to comply with the subject’s informed consent and with local law and international regulation. The collection of data and samples in many different countries results in complex legal questions regarding the adequacy of informed consent and the status of genetic material under a large number of different legal systems. The subject’s informed consent obtained in any particular country could be challenged and/or withdrawn in the future, and those informed consents could prove invalid, unlawful, or otherwise inadequate for our purposes. Any findings against us, or our collaborators, could deny us access to or force us to stop using some of our clinical samples, which would hinder our product development efforts. We could become involved in legal challenges, which could consume our management and financial resources.

The sales of our products in Europe are regulated through a process that either requires self-certification or certification by a European Notified Body in order to affix a CE Mark. Such processes are uncertain, particularly in light of changes to the regulatory framework. There may be a risk of delay in placing our products on the market and, once on the market, a risk of review and challenges to certain certified statuses.

Currently, until May 25, 2022, the majority of our products (including our Instrument for use with the INR test by users other than for self-testing, the INR test and control, INRstar and our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test) are regulated through a self-declaration process, whereby we declare that the product meets the essential requirements of the European Directive on In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices (98/79/EC). We also have a number of products that we expect to come to market in the European Economic Area, including the SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, that we will self-declare compliant against this directive. After the launch of any products, we may be subject to challenges by European Regulatory Authorities if there are issues that arise that question the safety and performance of these products. Such

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challenges may arise from a routine audit by a regulatory authority, due to device vigilance reports submitted by us, Field Safety Corrective Actions being initiated by us or the regulatory authority, or complaints made by competitors, whether those complaints are founded or not.

We also have a number of products (including our Instrument for use by patients for self-testing and certain test strips that would fall within Annex II of the European Directive on In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices (98/79/EC)), which will likely enter the market prior to May 26, 2022 and that cannot be regulated through a self-declaration process under the European Directive on In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices (98/79/EC). Such products will require their compliance with this directive reviewed and certified by a European Notified Body. We have engaged with a European Notified Body (TÜV SÜD); however, they have yet to start reviewing technical documentation for the products. Therefore, there is a risk of delay in getting these products to market if the Notified Body has capacity constraints and/or if the Notified Body has any issues with our technical documentation.

Prior to May 26, 2022, the ability to continue to sell products using the self-declaration process of the European Directive on In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices (98/79/EC) is unaffected by the European Regulation on In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices (Regulation (EU) 2017/746). However, before May 26, 2022 and in order to continue to sell products in the European Union after that date, most of our products that are in-vitro diagnostic devices will need to be evaluated by a European Notified Body in order to comply with the new European Regulation on In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices (2017/746/EU), which replaces the aforementioned European Directive on In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices (98/79/EC). The Regulation provides for a transition period that allows products that have certificates issued by European Notified Bodies under the Directive prior to May 26, 2022 to continue to be placed on the market until May 26, 2024 and, where they have been placed on the market prior to that date, to be distributed and supplied until May 26, 2025. However, most of our products are self-certified so will not be eligible for this transition period and those that are would lose the benefit if any significant changes have to be made to the product after May 26, 2022. Therefore, we do not intend to rely on this transition period.

Nevertheless, it should be appreciated that there is a severe shortage of capacity of the European Notified Bodies to assess all IVD devices that will require Notified Body certification under the Regulation, and that it is widely recognised that not all applications for assessment by Notified Bodies will be approved before the deadline of May 25, 2022. While we have taken a proactive approach to mitigate this risk, including approaching a European Notified Body (TÜV SÜD) and restructuring its quality management systems, there can be no assurance that our ability to market IVD devices in the European Union in the future will be unrestricted and this could, in turn, have a negative impact on our business and operating results.

We take our responsibilities as a manufacturer of medical devices seriously and where possible take all voluntary measures to have independent third parties assess our designs and processes. This includes certification to the international standard for quality management, ISO 13485:2016 by LRQA, an accredited management systems certification body, testing of our Instrument to the international standard for electrical safety, IEC 61010-1:2015 / IEC 61010-2-101:2015 by CSA International an independent and accredited safety certification body, and for the international standard for electromagnetic compatibility, IEC 61326-2-6:2012 by ETS Ltd, an independent and accredited EMC test laboratory.

We also offer a number of products (including Connect Manager, EHR Connect, the Connect Hub and the Engage app) that we do not believe come within the scope of the European Directive on In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices (98/79/EC) or the European Regulation on In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices (Regulation (EU) 2017/746) nor come within the scope of the European Directive on Medical Devices (93/42/EEC) or the European Regulation on Medical Devices (Regulation (EU) 2017/745). There is a risk we may be subject to challenges by European Regulatory Authorities regarding the classification of these products, particularly if there was a question about safety or performance stemming from a user or a complaint from a competitor.

LumiraDx UK Ltd is the legal manufacturer and regulatory owner of our products and is based in the U.K. The U.K.’s departure from the European Union, or Brexit, and the future relationship of the U.K. with the European Union remains uncertain and there may be delays and barriers in obtaining access to the European Economic Area.

Following the U.K.’s prior departure from the European Union, the U.K. will continue to follow the same regulations as the European Union until the end of 2020, or the Transition Period, and so for such period of time, access to the

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U.K. market will remain unaffected. The U.K. has indicated that, subject to an agreement between the U.K. and the European Union to the contrary, following the end of the Transition Period it intends to seek regulatory divergence with the European Union and the use of a new “UKCA” (U.K. Conformity Assessed) mark as a replacement for the European Union CE Mark. The nature of any new regulation in the U.K. is uncertain, as is the ability to obtain conformity assessment services for the U.K. regulations, and as such, we may experience delays in obtaining future access to the U.K. and other European markets.

Under the European Directive on In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices (98/79/EC) and then under the In-Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (2017/746), legal manufacturers located outside of the European Union/European Economic Area are required to appoint an authorised representative that is domiciled in a Member State within the European Union/European Economic Area. Given the uncertainty at the end of the Transition Period, we have established our own dedicated authorized representative in the European Union. After considering a number of factors, including location, language capabilities, communication efficiencies and transparency considerations, we appointed LumiraDx AB, a LumiraDx affiliate domiciled in Sweden, as an authorized representative. Our regulatory experts are actively engaged through relevant industry bodies, such as the British In-Vitro Diagnostics Association, or BIVDA, to proactively communicate with the U.K. government on any new proposed regulatory regime applicable in the U.K.

We intend to export our products to numerous countries outside of the European Economic Area. Many other countries require certificates of free sales, or CFS, and/or certificates of foreign government, or CFG, as a condition of allowing the importation of medical devices from a relevant country of origin. One of the typical prerequisites to the issuance of CFS and CFG certificates is the requirement that the products being certified are legally marketed in their country of origin. During the transition period, due to the shortage of European Notified Bodies, we may experience delays in obtaining such certificates and therefore in obtaining CE marking to certify conformity with health, safety, and environmental protection standards for products sold within the European Economic Area for our products. After the end of the Transition Period, we may also face additional uncertainty related to the U.K. regulatory regime, which may in turn cause us to experience delays in obtaining requisite certificates and regulatory clearance in other countries. Additionally, as a result of Brexit, we, as a U.K. based manufacturer, will no longer be able to utilize a number of Mutual Recognition Agreements and Technical Cooperation Programs that the European Union has agreed with other countries (subject to any agreement reached to the contrary), and therefore we may suffer delays in obtaining requisite regulatory clearances in other countries. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and other worldwide anti-bribery laws export and import controls, sanctions, embargoes, and anti-money laundering laws and regulations.

Various of our activities may be subject to export control and import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations, various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls, the FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, and other state and national anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in the countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption laws are interpreted broadly and prohibit companies and their employees, agents, contractors, and other collaborators from authorizing, promising, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or anything else of value to recipients in the public or private sector. Our reliance on independent distributors to sell our Platform internationally demands a high degree of vigilance in maintaining our policy against participation in corrupt activity, because these distributors could be deemed to be our agents, and we could be held responsible for their actions. Other U.S. companies in the medical device and pharmaceutical field have faced criminal penalties under the FCPA for allowing their agents to deviate from appropriate practices in doing business with these individuals. We are also subject to similar anti-bribery laws in the other jurisdictions in which we operate, including the U.K.’s Bribery Act of 2010, which also prohibits commercial bribery and makes it a crime for companies to fail to prevent bribery. These laws are complex and far-reaching in nature, and, as a result, we cannot assure you that we would not be required in the future to alter one or more of our practices to be in compliance with these laws or any changes in these laws or the interpretation thereof. Any violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt our operations, involve significant management distraction, involve significant costs and expenses, including legal fees, and could result in a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, or results of operations or our reputation. We could also suffer severe penalties, including substantial criminal and civil penalties, imprisonment, disgorgement, reputational harm and other remedial measures.

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Our activities in the United States subject us to various laws relating to foreign investment and the export of certain technologies, and our failure to comply with these laws or adequately monitor the compliance of our suppliers and others we do business with could subject us to substantial fines, penalties and even injunctions, the imposition of which on us could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business.

Because we have a U.S. subsidiary and substantial operations in the U.S., we are subject to U.S. laws that regulate foreign investments in U.S. businesses and access by foreign persons to technology developed and produced in the U.S. These laws include Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended by the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018, and the regulations at 31 C.F.R. Parts 800, 801, and 802, as amended, administered by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S.; and the Export Control Reform Act of 2018, which is being implemented in part through Commerce Department rulemakings to impose new export control restrictions on “emerging and foundational technologies” yet to be fully identified. Application of these laws, including as they are implemented through regulations being developed, may negatively impact our business in various ways, including by restricting our access to capital and markets; limiting the collaborations we may pursue; regulating the export our products, services, and technology from the U.S. and abroad; increasing our costs and the time necessary to obtain required authorizations and to ensure compliance; and threatening monetary fines and other penalties if we do not.

Intellectual Property Risks Related to Our Business

If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent and other intellectual property protection for products we develop and for our technology, or if the scope of intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficient, our competitors could develop and commercialize products similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize any products we may develop may be adversely affected.

Our success depends in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent and other intellectual property protection in the U.S. and other countries for our Platform in its current or an updated form and other products. Patent law as applied to inventions in the fields in which we operate is complex and uncertain, so we cannot make any assurances that we will be able to obtain or maintain patent or other intellectual property rights, or that the patent and other intellectual property rights we may obtain will be valuable, provide an effective barrier to competitors or otherwise provide competitive advantages. If we are unable to obtain or maintain patent or other intellectual property protection with respect to our proprietary products, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be materially harmed.

Changes in the patent laws or in the interpretation thereof in the United States and other countries may diminish our ability to protect our inventions and to obtain, maintain, and enforce our intellectual property rights; more generally, such changes could affect the value of our intellectual property, including by limiting the potential scope of patent coverage that we can obtain. We cannot predict whether any particular patent applications we are currently pursuing will be granted as a patent or whether the claims of any particular patents, if obtained, will provide sufficient exclusivity over our competitors.

The patent prosecution process is expensive, time-consuming, and complex, and we may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce, or license all necessary or desirable patent applications or patents at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. It is also possible that we will fail to identify patent-eligible aspects of our research and development output in time to obtain patent protection. Although we enter into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants, and other parties who have access to confidential aspects of our research and development output, including aspects that may be patent-eligible, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose such output before we are able to file a patent application directed to the disclosed subject matter, thereby jeopardizing our ability to seek patent protection for that subject matter. In addition, publications of discoveries in the scientific literature often lag behind the actual discoveries, and patent applications in the United States and other jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after the priority date, or in some cases not at all prior to issuance. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we were the first to make the inventions claimed in our patents or pending patent applications, or that we were the first to file for patent protection of such inventions.

The patent position of companies in our industry generally is unsettled, involves complex legal and factual questions, and has been the subject of much litigation in recent years. Whether our pending and future patent applications will

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be granted and the scope, validity, enforceability, and commercial value of any patents we have obtained are highly uncertain. Our pending and future patent applications may not result in patents that protect any new products or our Platform in its current or an updated form. Our pending and future patent applications may not effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive products.

Moreover, the claim scope being pursued in a patent application may need to be significantly reduced or otherwise altered in order to achieve grant of a patent, and the scope of a patent can be reinterpreted after issuance. Even if a patent application is issued as a patent, the granted claims may not provide us with any meaningful protection, prevent others from competing with us, or otherwise provide us with any competitive advantage. Any patents that we hold may be challenged, narrowed, circumvented, or invalidated by third parties. Consequently, we do not know whether any of our products will be protectable or remain protected by valid and enforceable patents. Our competitors and other third parties may be able to circumvent our patents by developing similar or alternative products and solutions in a non-infringing manner. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Litigation or other proceedings or third-party claims of intellectual property infringement could require us to spend significant time and money and could prevent us from selling our products or impact our stock price.

Third parties may assert that we are using their patented or other proprietary technology without their authorization. As we continue to commercialize our Platform in its current or an updated form, launch new products, and enter new markets, we expect that, as part of business strategies designed to impede our successful commercialization and entry into new markets or otherwise, competitors will claim that our products or services infringe their intellectual property rights. Third parties, including, for example, one or more of our competitors listed in the Business section under the heading “Competition,” may have obtained, and may in the future obtain, patents under which such third parties may claim that the use of our technologies constitutes patent infringement. Because a patent application generally is unavailable to the public until 18 months from the priority date (and, at least in the U.S., can optionally be kept secret until the patent is granted), we have no way of knowing, at any given time, whether others have filed new patent applications directed to technologies that we or our collaborators will use.

Intellectual property litigation is costly, and even if we prevail, the substantial cost of such litigation could affect our business and financial condition. Intellectual property litigation may also be lengthy and time-consuming and may divert the attention of our management and technical personnel in defending ourselves against any of these claims. Any adverse ruling or perception of an adverse ruling in defending ourselves against these claims could have a material adverse impact on our cash position and stock price. Furthermore, parties making claims against us may be able to obtain injunctive or other relief, which could block our ability to develop, commercialize, and sell products. In the event of a successful claim against us of infringement or misappropriation, we may be required to pay substantial damages to and obtain one or more licenses from third parties, or we may be prohibited from selling certain products, all of which could have a material adverse impact on our cash position and business and financial condition. Moreover, any licenses that we are compelled to obtain may be nonexclusive, and therefore our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us. If we fail to obtain a required license or are unable to design around a patent, we may be unable to sell some of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

In addition, we may be unable to obtain any required licenses at a reasonable cost, if at all. We could therefore incur substantial costs relating to royalty payments for licenses obtained from third parties, which could negatively affect our gross margins. Moreover, we could encounter delays in product introductions while we attempt to develop alternative methods or products. Defense of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any required licenses on favorable terms could prevent us from commercializing products, and the prohibition of sale of any of our products would materially affect our ability to grow and maintain profitability and would have a material adverse impact on our business.

Developments in patent law could have a negative impact on our business.

Changes in either the patent laws or interpretation of patent laws could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of patent applications and the enforcement or defense of granted patents. From time to time, the United States Supreme Court, or the Supreme Court, other federal courts, the U.S. Congress, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO, or courts or patent offices or authorities in other jurisdictions may change the standards of patentability or patent eligibility, and any such changes could have a negative impact on our business. Generally, jurisdictions outside the United States have a “first to file” patent system. In the United States,

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prior to March 2013, the “first to invent” a claimed invention was entitled to the patent (assuming that all other requirements were met). Following the passage of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the America Invents Act, the United States transitioned to a “first inventor to file” system, under which the first inventor to file a patent application on an invention is entitled to the patent (assuming that all other requirements are met) even if another party was the first to invent the claimed invention. The America Invents Act also included a number of significant changes that affect the way patent applications are prosecuted and that also may affect patent litigation. These include the introduction of derivation proceedings; expansion of the permitted content of third-party submissions to the USPTO during patent prosecution; and additional procedures to challenge the validity of a patent after issuance, including post-grant review and inter partes review. The America Invents Act and its continued implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

In addition, the patent positions of companies in our industry are particularly uncertain. Recent Supreme Court rulings have narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances and weakened the rights of patent owners in certain situations. For example, diagnostic method claims and “gene patents” were considered in two landmark Supreme Court cases, Mayo Collaborative v. Prometheus Laboratories, or Prometheus, and Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, or Myriad. In Prometheus, a case involving patent claims to a medical testing method directed to optimizing the amount of drug administered to a specific patient, patentee’s claims were deemed not to incorporate inventive content, above and beyond merely describing underlying natural correlations, sufficient to render the claimed processes patent-eligible. In Myriad, a case brought by multiple plaintiffs challenging the validity of patent claims relating to the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, the court held that isolated genomic DNA that exists in nature, such as the DNA constituting the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, is not patent-eligible subject matter, but that cDNA, which is an artificial construct created from RNA transcripts of genes, may be patent eligible. The Federal Circuit has begun to apply the holdings in Prometheus and Myriad. For example, in 2015, the Federal Circuit in Ariosa v. Sequenom, or Ariosa, applying Prometheus, found claims to a prenatal diagnostic method that relied on a natural product to be patent ineligible. A number of appeals to the Federal Circuit in subsequent cases, such as Athena v. Mayo, or Athena, have been decided in a similar way.

We cannot fully predict what impact the Supreme Court’s decisions in Prometheus and Myriad and other decisions, such as the Federal Circuit’s decisions in Ariosa and Athena, may have on our ability or the ability of companies or other entities to obtain or enforce patents relating to diagnostic and therapeutic methods, DNA, genes, or genomic-related discoveries in the future. Despite the precedent set forth in these decisions, the contours of when claims reciting laws of nature, natural phenomena, or abstract ideas may meet the patent eligibility requirements are not clear and may take years to develop via application at the USPTO and interpretation in the courts. There are many patents claiming nucleic acids and diagnostic methods based on natural correlations that were issued before the recent Supreme Court decisions discussed above, and although many of these patents may be invalid under the standards set forth in the Supreme Court’s recent decisions, until successfully challenged, these patents are presumed valid and enforceable, and the patentees could allege that we infringe, or request that we obtain a license to, one or more of these patents. Whether the patents were issued prior to or after these Supreme Court decisions, we might have to defend ourselves against claims of infringement, or we might have to obtain licenses, if available. In any of the foregoing or in other situations involving third-party intellectual property rights, if we are unsuccessful in defending against claims of patent infringement, we could be forced to pay damages or be subjected to an injunction that would prevent us from using the patented subject matter in question if we are unable to obtain a license on reasonable terms or at all. Such outcomes could materially affect our ability to offer our products and services and could have a material adverse impact on our business. Even if we are able to obtain a license or to successfully defend against claims of patent infringement, the cost and distraction associated with the defense or settlement of these claims could have a material adverse impact on our business. Any of the foregoing could materially harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to protect or enforce our intellectual property effectively, which could harm our competitive position.

Obtaining and maintaining a strong patent position is important to our business. No patent application is guaranteed to mature into a patent, and we cannot predict the total pendency of any application that does become a patent.

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Moreover, the granted patent rights may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from marketing products similar to ours or from designing around our patents. Patent law relating to the scope and validity of claims in the technology fields in which we operate is complex and uncertain, so we cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain or maintain patent rights, or that the patent rights we may obtain will be valuable, provide an effective barrier to competitors, or otherwise provide competitive advantages. Others may have filed, and in the future may file, patent applications directed to subject matter similar or even identical to ours. To determine the priority of inventions or demonstrate that we did not derive our invention from another, we may have to participate in interference or derivation proceedings that could result in substantial costs in legal fees and could substantially affect the scope of our patent protection. We cannot be certain that our patent applications will prevail over those filed by others. Also, our intellectual property rights may be subject to other challenges by third parties. Patents we obtain could be challenged in litigation or in administrative proceedings such as ex parte reexamination, inter partes review, or post grant review in the United States or opposition proceedings in Europe or other jurisdictions and may be found to be invalid or unenforceable.

Obtaining and maintaining a patent portfolio entails significant expense and resources. Part of the expense includes periodic maintenance fees, renewal fees, annuity fees, and other governmental fees for patents and/or applications due in several stages over the lifetime of patents and/or applications, as well as the costs associated with complying with numerous procedural provisions during the patent application process. We may or may not choose to pursue or maintain protection for particular inventions. In addition, there are situations in which failure to make certain payments or noncompliance with certain requirements in the patent process can result in irrevocable abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the respective jurisdiction. If we choose to forgo patent protection or allow a patent application or patent to lapse purposefully or inadvertently, our competitive position could suffer.

Legal actions to enforce our patent rights can be expensive and may involve the diversion of significant management time. In addition, these legal actions could be unsuccessful and could also result in the invalidation of our patents or a finding that they are unenforceable. We may or may not choose to pursue litigation or other proceedings against those who have infringed our patent rights, and we may or may not choose to monitor for infringing activity, taking into consideration the expense and time commitment associated with such enforcement and monitoring. If we fail to protect or to enforce our intellectual property rights successfully, our competitive position could suffer, which could harm our results of operations.

We depend on trademarks to establish a market identity for our company and our Platform. To maintain the value of our trademarks, we may have to file lawsuits against third parties to prevent them from using trademarks confusingly similar to or dilutive of our registered or unregistered trademarks. We also may not obtain registrations for our pending or future trademark applications and might have to defend our registered trademarks and pending applications from challenges by third parties. Enforcing or defending our registered and unregistered trademarks might result in significant litigation costs and, if we are unsuccessful, might result in damages, including the inability to continue using certain trademarks.

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.

In addition to patent protection, we also rely upon trade secret protection, as well as non-disclosure agreements and invention assignment agreements with our employees, consultants and third-parties, to protect our confidential and proprietary information. For example, significant elements of our Platform, including, for example, the manufacture of our test strips, are protected by trade secrets and know-how that are not publicly disclosed. In addition to contractual measures, we try to protect the confidential nature of our proprietary information using physical and technological security measures. Such measures may not, for example, in the case of misappropriation of a trade secret by an employee or third party with authorized access, provide adequate protection for our proprietary information. Our security measures may not prevent an employee or consultant from misappropriating our trade secrets and providing them to a competitor, and any recourse we may have against such misconduct may not result in a remedy that protects our interests fully. Enforcing a claim that a party has illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret can be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, information that is a trade secret may be independently developed by others, which would prevent legal recourse for

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us. If any of our confidential or proprietary information, such as our trade secrets, were to be disclosed or misappropriated, or if any such information were to be independently developed by a competitor, our competitive position could be harmed.

Our use of “open source” software could adversely affect our ability to offer our services and subject us to possible litigation.

We may use open source software in connection with our products and services. Companies that incorporate open source software into their products have, from time to time, faced claims challenging the use of open source software and/or compliance with open source licensing terms. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or claiming noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute software containing open source software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code, which could include valuable proprietary code of the user, on unfavorable terms or at no cost. While we monitor the use of open source software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose our proprietary source code or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open source agreement, such use could inadvertently occur, in part because open source licensing terms are often ambiguous. Any requirement to disclose our proprietary source code or pay damages for breach of contract could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could help our competitors develop products and services that are similar to or better than ours.

We may not be able to enforce our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

The laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the U.K. or of the U.S. Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in certain such countries. The legal systems of some countries, particularly low and middle income countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, especially those relating to medical diagnostics. This could make it difficult for us to prevent or stop the infringement of our patents, if obtained, or the misappropriation of our other intellectual property rights. For example, many countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against parties such as government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, patents may provide limited or no benefit. Patent protection must ultimately be sought on a country-by-country basis, which is an expensive and time-consuming process with uncertain outcomes. Because patent and other intellectual property laws differ in each country, our intellectual property rights may not receive the same degree of protection in foreign countries as they would in the U.K. or the U.S. Accordingly, we may choose not to seek patent protection in certain countries, and if so, we will not have the benefit of patent protection in such countries. Moreover, we may not be able to predict all of the countries where patent protection ultimately will be desirable, for commercialization or marketing purposes or otherwise. If we fail to timely file a patent application for an invention in any country, we may be precluded from doing so at a later date, and we therefore would be unable to obtain patent protection for that invention in that country.

Additionally, the laws pertaining to patent ownership and assignment may differ from country to country. If we fail to obtain proper assignments for any inventions developed by us and/or our employees, or for any invention that we otherwise acquire rights to, we may lose rights to patent protection for those inventions, which may cause our competitive position to suffer.

Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in jurisdictions worldwide could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business. Our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights in any particular jurisdiction may be inadequate. In addition, changes in the law and legal decisions by courts in jurisdictions worldwide may affect our ability to obtain adequate protection for our technology and the enforcement of intellectual property.

Third parties may assert that our employees or consultants have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information or misappropriated trade secrets.

Many of our employees, including members of our senior management, were previously employed at other diagnostic companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or our employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or

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disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of a former employer or other third parties. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees.

In addition, while we typically require our employees, consultants and contractors who may be involved in the development of intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to us, we may be unsuccessful in obtaining such an agreement from each party who in fact develops intellectual property during the course of employment, consultancy, or contractual arrangement, respectively, which may result in claims by or against us relating to the ownership of such intellectual property. If we fail in prosecuting or defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights. Even if we are successful in prosecuting or defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to our senior management and scientific personnel.

If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, then we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets of interest.

Our pending and future trademark applications in the U.K., the U.S. and other jurisdictions may not be allowed or may be opposed. Once filed and registered, our trademarks or trade names may be challenged, infringed, circumvented or declared generic. Our use of our trademarks or trade names may be determined to infringe the trademarks or trade names of others. To enforce our trademark rights and prevent infringement, we may be required to file trademark claims against third parties or initiate trademark opposition proceedings. This can be expensive and time-consuming, particularly for a company of our size. We may not ultimately be able to protect our trademarks and trade names, which we need to build name recognition among potential collaborators or customers in our markets of interest. At times, competitors may adopt trade names or trademarks similar to ours, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to market confusion. Over the long term, if we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks and trade names, then we may not be able to compete effectively, and our business may be adversely affected. Our efforts to enforce or protect our proprietary rights related to trademarks, trade secrets, domain names, copyrights or other intellectual property may be ineffective and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

If we fail to comply with our obligations under our licenses with third parties, we could lose license rights that are important to our business.

We are a party to license agreements pursuant to which we in-license certain patents and other intellectual property. Each of our existing licenses imposes various obligations on us. If we fail to comply with these obligations, our licensors may have the right to terminate the license, in which event we would not be able to use the licensed intellectual property.

We may have limited control over the maintenance and prosecution of these in-licensed rights, activities or any other intellectual property that may be related to our in-licensed intellectual property. For example, we cannot be certain that such activities by these licensors have been or will be conducted in compliance with applicable laws and regulations or will result in valid and enforceable patents and other intellectual property rights. We have limited control over the manner in which our licensors initiate an infringement proceeding against a third-party infringer of the intellectual property rights, or defend certain of the intellectual property that is licensed to us. It is possible that the licensors’ infringement proceeding or defense activities may be less vigorous than had we conducted them ourselves.

Risks Relating to Our Financial Condition and Capital Requirements

We are an early, commercial-stage company and have a limited operating history, which may make it difficult to evaluate our current business and predict our future performance.

We are an early commercial-stage company and have a limited operating history. We began operations in 2014 under the original parent company of the group, LumiraDx Group Limited (incorporated in England and Wales) and the current parent company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands in 2016. Our limited operating history,

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particularly in light of our business model based upon sales of diagnostic tests enabled by our Platform, may make it difficult to evaluate our current business and predict our future performance. Any assessment of our profitability or prediction about our future success or viability is subject to significant uncertainty. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by early, commercial-stage companies in rapidly evolving industries. If we do not address these risks successfully, our business will suffer.

We have a history of net losses. We may incur net losses in the future and we may never achieve sustained profitability.

We have historically incurred substantial net losses, including a net loss of $133.1 million in 2019. From our inception in 2014 through to December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $369.9 million. Our losses may continue as a result of ongoing research and development expenses and increased sales and marketing costs. These losses have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on our working capital, total assets, and shareholders’ equity. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with our research, development, and commercialization efforts, we are unable to predict when we will become profitable, and we may never become profitable. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our inability to achieve and then maintain profitability would negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We may require additional capital to fund our existing operations, develop our Platform, commercialize new products and expand our operations as currently planned.

Based on our current business plan, we believe the net proceeds from this offering, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash flow from operations, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for the foreseeable future. If our available cash balances, net proceeds from this offering, and anticipated cash flow from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements including because of lower demand for our products as a result of lower than currently expected rates of reimbursement from commercial third-party payors and government payors or other risks described in this prospectus, we may seek to sell common or preferred equity or convertible debt securities, enter into an additional credit facility or another form of third-party funding, or seek other debt financing.

We may consider raising additional capital in the future to expand our business, to pursue strategic investments, to take advantage of financing opportunities, or for other reasons, including to:

Our present and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

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The various ways we could raise additional capital carry potential risks. If we raise funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to our shareholders could result. Any equity securities issued also could provide for rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of holders of our common shares. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities, those debt securities would have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of holders of our common shares. The terms of debt securities issued or borrowings pursuant to a credit agreement could impose significant restrictions on our operations. If we raise funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our platform technologies or products or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

The global financial markets have experienced a period of disruption and instability as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, generally increasing the difficulty of accessing the capital and credit markets and resulting in intervention from national governments around the world. Accordingly, additional equity or debt financing might not be available on reasonable terms, if at all. If we cannot secure additional funding when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more research and development programs or sales and marketing initiatives. In addition, we may have to work with a third party on one or more of our development programs, which could lower the economic value of those programs to us.

Transformation into a public company may increase our costs and disrupt the regular operations of our business.

This offering will have a significant transformative effect on us. Our business historically has operated as a privately-owned company, and we expect to incur significant additional legal, accounting, reporting and other expenses as a result of having publicly traded common shares. We will also incur costs which we have not incurred previously, including, but not limited to, costs and expenses for increased directors and officers insurance, investor relations, and various other costs of a public company.

We also anticipate that we will incur costs associated with corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some management and corporate governance activities more time-consuming and costly, particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” These rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. This could have an adverse impact on our ability to retain, recruit and bring on qualified board members. We expect that the additional costs we will incur as a public company, including costs associated with corporate governance requirements, will be considerable relative to our costs as a private company.

The additional demands associated with being a public company may disrupt regular operations of our business by diverting the attention of some of our senior management team away from revenue producing activities to management and administrative oversight, adversely affecting our ability to attract and complete business opportunities and increasing the difficulty in both retaining professionals and managing and growing our businesses. Any of these effects could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, after the date we are no longer an emerging growth company, our independent registered public accounting firm will only be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting depending on our market capitalization. Even if our management concludes that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may still decline to attest to our management’s assessment or may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. In addition, in connection with the implementation of the necessary procedures and practices related to internal control over financial reporting, we may identify deficiencies that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the deadline imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. Failure to comply with Section 404 could subject us to regulatory scrutiny and sanctions, impair our

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ability to raise capital, cause investors to lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and negatively affect our share price or cause it to be more volatile.

The ability of our U.S. subsidiaries to use net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

In general, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to annual limitations on its ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, or NOLs, to offset future taxable income or reduce taxes. We have not determined whether past changes in the ownership of our equity have resulted, or whether this offering could result, in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code with respect to our U.S. subsidiaries. In addition, future changes in the ownership of our equity, some of which may be outside of our control, could result in ownership changes under Section 382 of the Code with respect to our U.S. subsidiaries. Furthermore, our ability to use NOLs of companies that we may acquire in the future may be subject to limitations. For these reasons, we may not be able to use a material portion of the NOLs, even if we attain profitability.

Our results of operations could be materially adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Although a portion of our revenues is derived in U.S. dollars, most of our revenues are currently denominated in other currencies. In addition, we have raised funds in U.S. dollars but a large part of our costs is in Pound Sterling. Unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Because our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate revenues, expenses and income, as well as assets and liabilities, into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. Therefore, changes in the value of the U.S. dollar against other currencies will affect our net revenues, operating income and the value of balance-sheet items originally denominated in other currencies. These changes cause our growth in consolidated earnings stated in U.S. dollars to be higher or lower than our growth in local currency when compared against other periods.

As we continue to leverage our global delivery model, more of our expenses will be incurred in currencies other than those in which we bill for the related services. An increase in the value of certain currencies against the U.S. dollar or U.K. pound sterling could increase costs for delivery of services at off-shore sites by increasing labor and other costs that are denominated in local currency. There can be no assurance that our contractual provisions will offset their impact, or that any future currency hedging activities, which are designed to partially offset this impact, will be successful. In addition, our future currency hedging activities could themselves be subject to risk. These could include risks related to counterparty performance under future hedging contracts and risks related to currency fluctuations. We also face risks that extreme economic conditions, political instability or hostilities or disasters of the type described below could impact our underlying exposures, perhaps eliminating them. Such an event could lead to losses being recognized on any future currency hedges then in place, not offset by anticipated changes in the underlying hedge exposure.

Risks Related to Our Common Shares

There is no existing market for our common shares, and we do not know whether one will develop to provide you with adequate liquidity. If our share price fluctuates after this offering, you could lose a significant part of the value of your investment.

Prior to this offering, there has not been a public market for our common shares. If an active trading market does not develop, you may have difficulty selling any of our common shares that you buy. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in our company will lead to the development of an active trading market on The Nasdaq Global Market, or otherwise or how liquid that market might become. The initial public offering price for the common shares will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the open market following this offering. Consequently, you may not be able to sell our common shares at prices equal to or greater than the price paid by you in this offering. In addition to the risks described above, the market price of our common shares may be influenced by many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:

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In addition, the stock market in general has experienced substantial price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies affected. These broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our common shares, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of certain companies’ securities, securities class action litigation has been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

The dual class structure of our ordinary shares and common shares has the effect of concentrating voting control with those shareholders who held our capital stock prior to the listing of our common shares on The Nasdaq Global Market, including our directors, executive officers and their respective affiliates, who will hold in the aggregate    % of the voting power of our capital stock upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. This ownership will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters, including the election of directors, amendments of our then current memorandum and articles of association, and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or other major corporate transaction requiring shareholder approval.

Our ordinary shares have ten votes per share on matters to be voted on by shareholders by way of a poll, and our common shares, which is the stock we are listing on the listing exchange and is being registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has one vote per share. Upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, our directors, executive officers and their affiliates will hold in the aggregate    % of the voting power of our capital stock. Because of the ten-to-one voting ratio between our ordinary shares and common shares, the holders of our ordinary shares collectively could continue to control a significant percentage of the combined voting power of our common stock and therefore be able to control all matters submitted to our shareholders for their approval. This concentrated control may limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future, including the election of directors, the removal of the co-founder directors, amendments of our memorandum and articles of association, and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or other major corporate transaction requiring shareholder approval. This may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our capital stock that you may believe are in your best interest as one of our shareholders. In addition, each of our co-founders (i.e., Ron Zwanziger, Dave Scott and Jerry McAleer) are directors and cannot be removed from the board absent the voting approval of the ordinary shares held by Ron Zwanziger, our Chief Executive Officer and co-founder, and his affiliates. Furthermore, the terms of our arrangements with BMGF, Morningside Venture Investments Limited, or Morningside, and CVS (which are described in further detail in the section titled “Related Party Transactions” below), grant each of BMGF, Morningside and CVS a right to appoint a director to our board of directors. Under the applicable agreements, the appointment rights shall terminate (i) in the case of BMGF or Morningside, once either party sells or no longer controls more than 25%; or (ii) in the case of CVS, once a sale or combination of sales results in it beneficially owning less than 75%, in each case of their respective initial holding of preferred shares (or ordinary shares following the conversion of such preferred shares into ordinary shares upon the completion of this offering).

Future transfers by holders of ordinary shares will generally result in those shares converting to common shares, subject to limited exceptions, such as certain transfers effected for estate planning purposes. The conversion of ordinary shares to common shares will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of common shares who retain their shares in the long term. As a result, it is possible that one or more of the persons or entities holding our common shares could gain significant voting control as other holders of ordinary shares sell or otherwise convert their shares into common shares.

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We do not expect to issue any additional ordinary shares following the listing of our common shares on the listing exchange except to meet commitments we agreed to prior to the date of this prospectus. Any future issuances of ordinary shares would be dilutive to holders of common shares.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, or the conversion of substantial amounts of ordinary shares into common shares for sale in the public market, or the perception that these sales and/or conversions may occur, could cause the market price of our common shares to decline.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, or the conversion of substantial amounts of ordinary shares into common shares for sale in the public market, or the perception that these sales and/or conversions may occur, could cause the market price of our common shares to decline. This could also impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our equity securities. Under our Amended and Restated Articles, we are authorized to issue up to                common shares, of which                common shares will be outstanding following this offering. We, our management, board members, and certain of our shareholders have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, sell, or dispose of any common shares of our share capital or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our share capital during the 180-day period following the date of this prospectus. In addition, (i) under our Amended and Restated Articles, subject to certain exceptions, our ordinary shares must be converted into common shares before being transferred and, apart from in exceptional circumstances that are approved by our board of directors, with the prior written consent of Jefferies LLC and SVB Leerink LLC, no conversion can occur for the 180-day period from the completion of this offering; and (ii) under our Amended and Restated Articles and the terms of the 5% notes and the 10% notes, holders of common shares which are issued upon the conversion of the 5% notes and the 10% notes will be subject to a 180-day lock-up period prohibiting such holders, apart from in exceptional circumstances that are approved by our board of directors, with the prior written consent of Jefferies LLC and SVB Leerink LLC, from selling, transferring, contracting to sell or otherwise disposing of (either directly or indirectly) any of these common shares for the 180-day period following the completion of this offering. See “Underwriting.” If, after the end of this 180-day period, shareholders who (i) own common shares sell substantial amounts of common shares in the public market or (ii) who own ordinary shares convert substantial amounts of the ordinary shares into common shares for sale in the public market, or the market perceives that such sales and/or conversions may occur, the market price of our common shares and our ability to raise capital through an issue of equity securities in the future could be adversely affected. We have also entered into registration rights agreements with certain of our shareholders pursuant to which we will agree under certain circumstances to file a registration statement to register the resale of the common shares held by certain of our existing shareholders, as well as to cooperate in certain public offerings of such common shares.

In addition, upon consummation of this offering, we intend to cease any new grants under our existing equity incentive plans and to adopt a new omnibus equity incentive plan under which we would have the discretion to grant a broad range of equity-based awards over common shares to eligible participants. We intend to register all common shares that we may issue under this equity incentive plan. Once we register these common shares, they can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to volume limitations applicable to affiliates. If a large number of our common shares or securities convertible into our common shares are sold in the public market after they become eligible for sale, the sales could reduce the trading price of our common shares and impede our ability to raise future capital. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our shares or the effect, if any, that future sales and issuances of shares would have on the market price of our common shares.

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may invest or spend the proceeds in ways with which you do not agree and in ways that may not yield a return on your investment.

Although we currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering in the manner described in the section titled “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common shares. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to expand our manufacturing capacity and our commercial operations, pursue new lines of business, fund other growth initiatives, and the remainder to fund our other current and future research and business development activities, general and administrative expenses, working capital and other general corporate purposes. You will not have the opportunity to influence our decisions on how to use our net proceeds from this offering. The failure by our management to apply

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these funds effectively could result in financial losses that could harm our business, cause the price of our common shares to decline and delay the further development and commercialization of our Platform. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.

We cannot predict the effect our dual class structure may have on the market price of our common shares.

We cannot predict whether our dual class structure will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our common shares, in adverse publicity, or other adverse consequences. For example, certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indices, including FTSE Russell and S&P Dow Jones which impacted indices include the Russell 2000 and the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400, and S&P SmallCap 600, which together make up the S&P Composite 1500. Under any such announced policies or future policies, the dual class structure of our shares could make us ineligible for inclusion in certain indices and, as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track those indices would not invest in our common shares. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indices, exclusion from certain stock indices would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make our common shares less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of our common shares could be adversely affected. It is unclear what additional effects such policies will have on the valuations of publicly-traded companies excluded from such indices, but it is possible that they may depress valuations, as compared to similar companies that are included or may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure.

We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common shares less attractive to investors or otherwise increase the volatility of the price of our common shares.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” For example, for as long as we are an “emerging growth company” under the recently enacted JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company.” We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and our share price may be more volatile.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can use the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Given that we currently report and expect to continue to report under IFRS as issued by the IASB, we have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required by the IASB. Since IFRS makes no distinction between public and private companies for purposes of compliance with new or revised accounting standards, the requirements for our compliance as a private company and as a public company are the same.

We are a foreign private issuer and, as a result, we are not subject to U.S. proxy rules and are subject to Exchange Act reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of a U.S. domestic public company.

We will report under the Exchange Act as a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including (i) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act, (ii) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time and (iii) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information, or current reports on Form 8-K, upon the occurrence of specified significant events. In addition, foreign private issuers are not required to file their annual report on Form 20-F until four months after the end of each fiscal year, while U.S. domestic issuers that are accelerated filers are required to file their annual report

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on Form 10-K within 75 days after the end of each fiscal year. Foreign private issuers are also exempt from the Regulation Fair Disclosure, aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information. As a result of the above, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are not foreign private issuers.

We may lose our foreign private issuer status, which would then require us to comply with the Exchange Act’s domestic reporting regime and cause us to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.

We expect to qualify as a foreign private issuer upon the completion of this offering. As a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt from the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. If in the future we are not a foreign private issuer as of the last day of the second fiscal quarter in any fiscal year, we would be required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure, current reporting requirements and proxy solicitation rules of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. In order to maintain our current status as a foreign private issuer, either (a) a majority of our common shares must be either directly or indirectly owned of record by non-residents of the United States or (b)(i) a majority of our directors and executive officers may not be United States citizens or residents, (ii) more than 50% of our assets cannot be located in the United States and (iii) our business must be administered principally outside the United States. If we were to lose this status, we would be required to comply with the Exchange Act reporting and other requirements applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, which are more detailed and extensive than the requirements for foreign private issuers. We may also be required to make changes in our corporate governance practices in accordance with various SEC and stock exchange rules. The regulatory and compliance costs to us if we are required to comply with the reporting requirements applicable to a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly higher than the costs we would incur as a foreign private issuer. As a result, we expect that a loss of foreign private issuer status would increase our legal and financial compliance costs and would make some activities highly time consuming and costly. These rules and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified directors.

As a foreign private issuer and as permitted by the Nasdaq listing requirements, we follow certain home country governance practices rather than the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.

The Nasdaq listing rules require listed companies to have, among other things, a majority of its board members be independent. As a foreign private issuer, however, we are permitted to, and we may, follow home country practice in lieu of the above requirements, or we may choose to comply with the Nasdaq listing exchange requirement within one year of listing. The corporate governance practice in our home country, the Cayman Islands, does not require a majority of our board to consist of independent directors. Since a majority of our board of directors may not consist of independent directors, fewer board members may be exercising independent judgment and the level of board oversight on the management of our company may decrease as a result. In addition, the Nasdaq listing rules also require U.S. domestic issuers to have a compensation committee, a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, and an audit committee with a minimum of three members. We, as a foreign private issuer, are not subject to these requirements though we intend to have an audit committee comprising of three independent directors. The Nasdaq listing rules may require shareholder approval for certain corporate matters, such as requiring that shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions to those plans, certain ordinary share issuances. We intend to comply with the requirements of Nasdaq listing rules in determining whether shareholder approval is required on such matters. However, we may consider following home country practice in lieu of the requirements under the Nasdaq listing rules with respect to certain corporate governance standards which may afford less protection to investors.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and if our remediation of such material weaknesses is not effective, or if we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired.

In connection with the audits of our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, we identified certain control deficiencies in the design and operation of our internal control over financial reporting that constituted material weaknesses. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

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The material weaknesses specifically resulted from (i) insufficient segregation of duties related to the posting of manual journal entries and (ii) the lack of documented evidence for management review controls related to projected financial information used in non-recurring valuations and non-routine transactions.

We have insufficient segregation of duty related to the posting of manual journal entries. Additionally, where an independent review does occur, there is insufficient evidence to justify the operation of the control. These control failures are a result of resource constraints which result in inadequate staffing within the finance function to support sufficient segregation of duties and insufficient risk assessment procedures.

We lack documented evidence of review for management review controls related to projected financial information used in non-recurring valuations and non-routine transactions although reviews were performed by various levels of management. This lack of documented review is a result of controls that are not designed at a sufficient level of detail.

Although we have plans to add appropriate levels of staffing in the future, these material weaknesses have not been remediated as of the time of this prospectus.

Neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm has performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting during any period in accordance with the provisions of Sarbanes Oxley. In light of the material weaknesses that were identified in connection with the audits of our financial statements described above, we believe that it is possible that, had we and our independent registered public accounting firm performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes Oxley, additional material weaknesses may have been identified.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed, or operating. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we will eventually be required to include in our periodic reports that are filed with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on the                 .

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, for the foreseeable future, to repay indebtedness and to fund the development and growth of our business. We do not intend to pay any dividends to holders of our common shares. As a result, capital appreciation in the price of our common shares, if any, will be your only potential source of gain on an investment in our common shares.

The terms of the senior secured loan between one of our subsidiaries, LumiraDx Investment Ltd., and Kennedy Lewis and certain other lenders, preclude us from paying cash dividends to our shareholders without the consent of the relevant lenders. Furthermore, while the unsecured loan with BMGF is outstanding, we have agreed that we will not pay certain distributions, dividends or undertake returns of capital, without the prior consent of the BMGF.

New investors in our common shares will experience immediate and substantial book value dilution after this offering.

The initial public offering price of our common shares will be substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of the outstanding common shares immediately after this offering. Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $            per common share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus) and our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2019, if you purchase our common shares in this offering you will pay more for your shares than the amounts paid by our existing shareholders for their shares and you will suffer immediate dilution of $            per common share in pro forma net tangible book value. As a result of this

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dilution, investors purchasing shares in this offering may receive significantly less than the full purchase price that they paid for the shares purchased in this offering in the event of a liquidation.

We also have approximately            outstanding share options to purchase ordinary shares with exercise prices that are below the assumed initial public offering price of the common shares and are exercisable to the extent vested upon this offering completing. In addition, there are 16,528 common shares issuable upon exercise of warrants issued under a warrant instrument dated July 1, 2020. The company has outstanding share purchase warrants for the purchase of up to 15,351 ordinary shares. These warrants are comprised of (i) warrants to purchase 13,067 ordinary shares at a fixed price of $611.63 per ordinary share; and (ii) warrants to purchase 2,284 ordinary shares at a fixed price of $1,459.89 per ordinary share. To the extent these options and warrants are exercised this will increase the number of ordinary shares in issue which can in due course be convertible to common shares and are therefore dilutive.

Shareholders will not be able to exercise preemptive rights and, as a result, may experience substantial dilution upon future issuances of common shares.

Prior to the completion of this offering, our shareholders have authorized the directors to issue common shares or grant rights to subscribe for common shares up to our authorized share capital from time to time. Our Amended and Restated Articles do not include any preemptive rights to entitle a shareholder to participate in any further issuances of common shares. This could cause existing shareholders to experience substantial dilution of their interest in us.

If equity or industry research analysts publish negative evaluations of our Company, including a downgrade of the price target of our common shares, the price of our common shares could decline. The trading market for our common shares relies in part on the research and reports that equity and industry research analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts. If one or more of the analysts covering our business downgrade their evaluations of our common shares, the price of our common shares could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover our common shares, we could lose visibility in the market for our common shares, which in turn could cause our common shares price to decline.

If we were classified as a “passive foreign investment company” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or a PFIC, U.S. holders of our common shares would be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

In general, we will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which either: (i) at least 75% of our gross income for such taxable year consists of passive income (e.g., dividends, interest, capital gains, rents, and royalties, other than rents or royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business); or (ii) at least 50% of the quarterly average value of the gross assets held by us during such taxable year produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC, we will be treated as earning and owning our proportionate share of the income and assets, respectively, of any subsidiary corporation in which we own at least 25% of the value of the subsidiary’s stock.

Based on the current and expected composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our current taxable year or in the foreseeable future. However, no assurances regarding our PFIC status can be provided for the current taxable year or any future taxable years. The determination of whether we are a PFIC for any taxable year is a fact-intensive determination that can only be made after the end of each year, and will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time (including the value of our goodwill, which will generally be determined in part by reference to the market price of our common shares, which may fluctuate considerably). The composition of our income and assets will also be affected by the amount of cash that we raise in this offering and any future offerings or other financing transactions. Because the value of our goodwill will generally be determined by reference to our market capitalization, we could become a PFIC for any taxable year if the price of our common shares declines significantly while we hold a substantial amount of cash and financial investments. We also could become a PFIC if we do not generate sufficient income from our business in any taxable year (including our current taxable year) relative to the amount of passive income that we generate in such taxable year. In addition, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to some uncertainties and the proper characterization of certain items of our income and assets is not entirely clear. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for our current or any future taxable year. We express no belief regarding our PFIC status with respect to any U.S. holder that acquired equity interests (or options or other rights to acquire equity interests) in us prior to this offering.

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If we were classified as a PFIC, a “U.S. holder” (as defined under “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” in this prospectus) of our common shares would be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, including increased tax liability. In addition, for each year during which we were classified as a PFIC, a U.S. holder of our common shares would generally be required to file IRS Form 8621 with such U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax return to report certain information concerning its ownership of our common stock. Each U.S. holder of our common shares should consult its own tax advisor regarding the PFIC rules and should read the discussion under “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” in this prospectus.

U.S. holders that own 10% or more of our equity interests may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences under rules applicable to U.S. shareholders of controlled foreign corporations.

A non-U.S. corporation generally will be classified as a controlled foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or a CFC, if “10% U.S. equityholders” (as defined below) own, directly, indirectly or constructively, more than 50% of either the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote or of the total value of the stock of such corporation. We do not believe that we would be classified as a CFC at the time of this offering, although CFC status is determined after taking into account complex constructive ownership rules and, accordingly, there can be no assurance in this regard. However, certain of our subsidiaries are classified as CFCs (as a result of the application of certain constructive ownership rules which treat our U.S. subsidiaries as owning the equity of those subsidiaries), and it is possible that we may be classified as a CFC in the future. The U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. holders who at all times are not 10% U.S. equityholders would not be affected by the CFC rules. However, a U.S. holder that owns (or is treated as owning, directly, indirectly or constructively, including by applying certain attribution rules) 10% or more of the combined voting power or value of all of classes of our equity interests (including equity interests attributable to deemed exercise of options and convertible debt instruments), or a 10% U.S. equityholder, would generally be subject to current U.S. federal income taxation on a portion of our applicable subsidiaries’ earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) and our earnings and profits (if we were classified as a CFC), regardless of whether such 10% U.S. equityholder receives any actual distributions. In addition, if we were classified as a CFC, a portion of any gains realized on the sale of our common shares by a 10% U.S. equityholder may be treated as ordinary income. A 10% U.S. equityholder will also be subject to additional U.S. federal income tax information reporting requirements with respect to our subsidiaries that are classified as CFCs and with respect to us (if we were classified as a CFC) and substantial penalties may be imposed for noncompliance. Each U.S. holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the CFC rules and whether such U.S. holder may be a 10% U.S. equityholder for purposes of these rules.

Changes in taxation legislation or practice may adversely affect the company and its group and the tax treatment for holders of common shares.

Any change in taxation legislation or practice in the United Kingdom or other jurisdictions to which the company and its group has exposure could adversely affect the value of the company and/or affect the post-tax returns to holders of common shares. Statements in this prospectus concerning the taxation of the company and taxation of holders of common shares are based upon current tax law and published practice any aspect of which is, in principle, subject to change that could adversely affect the company and its group and/or the taxation of holders of common shares, and which may have an adverse effect on the market value of the common shares.

There have been significant recent changes both made and proposed to international tax laws that increase the complexity, burden and cost of tax compliance for all multinational groups. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, or OECD, is continuously considering recommendations for changes to existing tax laws. We expect to continue to monitor these and other developments in international tax law which may adversely affect the company and its group and after-tax returns to holders of common shares.

In particular, the tax risks to the company and its group and to holders of common shares may be affected by the OECD’s Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, or the BEPS Action Plan. The aim of the BEPS Action Plan is that jurisdictions should change their domestic tax laws and introduce additional or amended provisions in double taxation treaties. Examples of possible outcomes of the BEPS Action Plan could be that the ability of entities such as the company and members of its group to benefit from reliefs under double taxation treaties, or to obtain tax deductions for finance costs, could be adversely affected, potentially increasing the effective tax rate of the group. The development of the BEPS Action Plan is ongoing and may take different forms. Although final reports on all action points were published on October 5, 2015, in many areas work continues on aspects of the recommendations,

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so the full detail is not yet resolved, and it is unclear whether, when, how and to what extent certain jurisdictions will decide to adopt those recommendations and different jurisdictions may implement any such recommendations in different ways. On July 12, 2016, the European Council formally adopted a directive containing a package of measures to combat tax avoidance, or ATAD. The scope of ATAD was amended and widened by a further directive formally adopted by the European Council on May 29, 2017, or ATAD 2. The implementation of ATAD and/or ATAD 2, which (among other initiatives) requires implementation of certain recommendations of the BEPS Action Plan within the European Union, may adversely affect the company and its group.

In addition, further work is currently being undertaken by the OECD on potential future recommendations related to the challenges arising from the digitalization of the global economy, specifically relating to reform of the international allocation of taxing rights, or Pillar One, and a system ensuring a minimum level of tax for multinational enterprises, or Pillar Two, which may result in additional adverse tax consequences for the company and its group.

The Cayman Islands is listed on the European Union’s official list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes.

In February 2020, the Cayman Islands was added to the European Union’s official list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes, commonly referred to as the “EU blacklist.” It is unclear how long this designation will remain in place (or whether it may remain in place permanently) and what ramifications, if any, the designation will have for the company and its group or for EU investors in Cayman incorporated companies, such as the company.

We expect the company and LumiraDx Group Limited to operate so as to be treated solely as a resident of the U.K. for tax purposes, but changes to our management and organizational structure and/or to the tax residency laws of other jurisdictions where we operate may cause the relevant tax authorities to treat the company as also being a resident of another jurisdiction for tax purposes.

Under current U.K. tax law, if the location of a company’s central management and control is in the U.K., or if a company is incorporated in the U.K., it is regarded as resident for tax purposes in the U.K. unless (i) it is concurrently treated as resident for tax purposes in another jurisdiction (applying the rules of that other jurisdiction for determining tax residency) that has a double tax treaty with the U.K. and (ii) there is a residency tie-breaker provision in that tax treaty which allocates tax residence to that other jurisdiction.

Based upon our anticipated management and organizational structure, we believe that the company and LumiraDx Group Limited (and the other U.K. incorporated companies in the group) should be regarded as tax resident solely in the U.K. However, because this analysis is highly factual and may depend on future changes in our management and organizational structure, as well as future changes in the tax residency laws of other jurisdictions where we operate, there can be no assurance regarding the determination of the tax residence of such companies in the future.

Should any such company be treated as resident in a jurisdiction other than the U.K. it could be subject to taxation in that jurisdiction and may be required to comply with a number of material and formal tax obligations, including withholding tax and/or reporting obligations provided under the relevant tax law, which could result in additional costs and expenses.

We are a Cayman Islands company. Because judicial precedent regarding the rights of shareholders is more limited under Cayman Islands law than under U.S. law, shareholders may have fewer shareholder rights than they would have under U.S. law.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our then current memorandum and articles of association (as may be amended from time to time), the Companies Law (as amended) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of directors are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. This common law is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. Decisions of courts in other Commonwealth jurisdictions are similarly of persuasive but not binding authority. Decisions of the Privy Council (which is the final Court of Appeal for British overseas territories such as the Cayman Islands) are binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities law than the United States. In addition, some states in the United States, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands.

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In addition, as a Cayman Islands exempted company, our shareholders have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records and accounts or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies with the exception that the shareholders may request a copy of our then current memorandum and articles of association. Under our Amended and Restated Articles, our directors have discretion to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion. As a result, you may be limited in your ability to protect your interests if you are harmed in a manner that would otherwise enable you to sue in a United States federal court. As a result of all of the above, shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the Board or controlling shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

We expect to conduct a significant portion of our operations outside the United States through our subsidiaries. The majority of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States and a majority of the group’s assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under either under United States federal or state securities laws or otherwise, or if you have a claim against us. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. There is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the Cayman Islands will generally recognize and enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.

Anti-takeover provisions in our Amended and Restated Articles may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control.

Some provisions in our Amended and Restated Articles, may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or management that holders of our common shares may consider unfavorable, including, among other things, the following:

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You may be unable to present proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by shareholders.

Cayman Islands law provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association and have been provided for in the Amended and Restated Articles, subject to the restrictions described therein. Advance notice of at least 21 clear days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting and at least 14 clear days’ notice of any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of at least two shareholders present or by proxy, representing not less than one-third in nominal value of the total issued voting shares in the company. To the extent that shareholders hold in aggregate less than one-third of the outstanding voting shares in the company, they cannot (a) call general meetings or annual general meetings; and (b) include matters for consideration at shareholder meetings requiring the approval of a special resolution or are matters relating to the election, appointment, removal of directors or the size of the board of directors.

We may become subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands which would negatively affect our results.

We have received an undertaking from the Governor-in-Cabinet of the Cayman Islands that, in accordance with section 6 of the Tax Concessions Law (2011 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, for a period of 20 years from the date of grant of the undertaking, no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations shall apply to us or our operations and, in addition, that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax shall be payable (i) on or in respect of the shares, debentures or other obligations of our Company or (ii) by way of the withholding in whole or in part of a payment of dividend or other distribution of income or capital by our Company to its members or a payment of principal or interest or other sums due under a debenture or other obligation of our Company. If we otherwise were to become subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. See “Material Income Tax Considerations—Cayman Islands Taxation.”

There may be a risk of us being subject to tax in jurisdictions in which we do not currently consider ourselves to have any tax resident subsidiaries or permanent establishments.

Our tax treatment is dependent, among other things, on the jurisdiction of our residence, including the residence of our subsidiaries, for tax purposes. We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability, resident in U.K. for tax purposes. We attempt to manage our business such that each of our subsidiaries is resident for tax purposes solely in its jurisdiction of incorporation, and does not unintentionally create a taxable permanent establishment or other taxable presence in any other jurisdiction.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains express or implied forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the words “may”, “might”, “will”, “could”, “would”, “should”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “objective”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, “continue” and “ongoing”, or the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology intended to identify statements about the future. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements and opinions contained in this prospectus are based upon information available to our management as of the date of this prospectus and, while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. Forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus include, but are not limited to, statements about:

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The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. You should refer to the section titled “Risk Factors” for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this prospectus will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus speak only as of the date of this prospectus and we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

You should read this prospectus and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

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MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

This prospectus includes industry and market data that we obtained from periodic industry publications, third-party studies and surveys and filings of public companies in our industry. Industry publications and surveys generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Although we believe the industry and market data to be reliable as of the date of this prospectus, this information could prove to be inaccurate. Industry and market data could be wrong because of the method by which sources obtained their data and because information cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties. In addition, we do not know all of the assumptions regarding general economic conditions or growth that were used in preparing the forecasts from the sources relied upon or cited herein.

Certain information included in this prospectus concerning our industry, including our total addressable market, the volume of tests and the shift of tests from the central lab to the POC are based on our good faith estimates derived from management’s knowledge of the industry and other information currently available to us. While we believe that our internal assumptions and estimates, and the information we obtain from third-parties, are reasonable and reliable, no independent source has verified such assumptions, estimates or information. As such, these assumptions, estimates and information may prove to be inaccurate.

The industry in which we operate, as well as the projections, assumptions and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the industry in which we operate, are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, that could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these estimates. Due to the inherent uncertainties described above, potential investors are cautioned not to place undue emphasis on market and industry data in this prospectus.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds to us in this offering will be approximately $                million, or $                million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional common shares in full, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions, and estimated offering expenses payable by us, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $                per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.

Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $                per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $                million, assuming that the number of common shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same. An increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 in the number of common shares offered would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $                million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price remains the same.

We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering in the following way:

Our expected use of the net proceeds from this offering reflects our intentions based upon on our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. If the demand on our manufacturing capacity or expansion of our commercial operations exceeds our plans or requires more time or resources than we currently anticipate, we may allocate additional proceeds from this offering, together with cash flows from our operations and our existing cash and cash equivalents, to fund such expansion. We do not expect to use the net proceeds from this offering to develop any individual test. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to in-license, acquire, or invest in additional businesses, technologies, products or assets. We cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds from this offering or the amounts that we will actually spend on the uses set forth above. As a result, our management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds from this offering.

Based on our current plans, we believe that the anticipated net proceeds from this offering, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from our operations, will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operations and capital expenditure requirements for at least the foreseeable future (being the next 24 months). We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect.

Pending our use of proceeds from this offering, we plan to invest these net proceeds in a variety of capital preservation instruments, including short-term, interest bearing obligations and investment-grade instruments. We cannot predict whether such investments will yield a favorable return.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our ordinary shares, and we do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on our common shares or ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the commercialization of our products and expansion of our business. See the section titled “Risk Factors—We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future ”.

We are a holding company that does not conduct any business operations of our own. As a result, we are dependent upon cash dividends, distributions and other transfers from our subsidiaries to make dividend payments, and such subsidiaries may be restricted in their ability to pay dividends or distributions, or make other transfers to us. In addition, the terms of the senior secured loan between one of our subsidiaries, LumiraDx Investment Ltd., Kennedy Lewis and certain other lenders, preclude us from paying cash dividends to our shareholders without the consent of the relevant lenders. Furthermore, while the unsecured loan with BMGF is outstanding, we have agreed that we will not pay certain distributions, dividends or undertake returns of capital, without the prior consent of the BMGF.

However, if we do pay a cash dividend on our common shares or ordinary shares in the future, we may only pay such dividend out of our profits available for distribution or (subject to applicable solvency requirements) share premium or contributed surplus under Cayman Islands law. Our board of directors has complete discretion regarding the declaration and payment of dividends, and our co-founders will be able to influence our dividend policy. The amount of any future dividend payments we may make will depend on, among other factors, our strategy, future earnings, financial condition, cash flow, working capital requirements, capital expenditures, contractual restrictions and applicable provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of June 30, 2020 on:

The pro forma as adjusted calculations assume an initial public offering price of $                 per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

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The pro forma as adjusted information presented below is illustrative only and our capitalization following this offering will change based on the actual initial public offering price, other terms of this offering determined at pricing and any accrued dividends on our preferred shares as of the closing date of this offering. Cash and cash equivalents are not components of our total capitalization. You should read this information together with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and the information set forth in the sections titled “Selected Consolidated Financial Data,” “Use of Proceeds” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

The number of common shares and ordinary shares outstanding in the table above does not include:

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DILUTION

If you invest in our common shares in this offering, your ownership interest will be immediately diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per common share in this offering and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per common share after this offering. As of June 30, 2020, we had a historical net tangible book value of $(282.2) million, or $(755.27) per ordinary share. Our net tangible book value per share represents total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of ordinary shares outstanding on June 30, 2020.

After giving effect to (i) the conversion of all outstanding preferred shares into an aggregate of 212,718 ordinary shares upon the completion of this offering; (ii) the issuance of 41,797 common shares upon the conversion of the 5% notes, (iii) the issuance of                 common shares upon the conversion of the 10% notes and (iv) the sale of                common shares in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $                per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value at June 30, 2020 would have been $                per common share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value of $                per common share to new investors and immediate dilution of $                per common share to new investors. The following table illustrates this dilution to new investors purchasing common shares in this offering:

The pro forma as adjusted information is illustrative only and will change based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $                per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering by $                per common share, and would increase (decrease) dilution to new investors by $                per share, assuming that the number of common shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same. An increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 in the number of common shares we are offering would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering by $                per common share, and would increase (decrease) dilution to new investors by $                per common share, based on the assumed initial public offering price per common share.

If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional common shares in full, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per common share would be $                , the increase in net tangible book value per common share to existing shareholders would be $                 and the immediate dilution in net tangible book value per common share to new investors in this offering would be $                , assuming an initial public offering price of $                per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions ad estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The following table summarizes, on the pro forma as adjusted basis giving effect to (i) the conversion of all preferred shares into an aggregate of 212,718 ordinary shares upon the completion of this offering; (ii) the issuance of 41,797 common shares upon the conversion of the 5% notes, (iii) the issuance of up to                  common shares

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upon the conversion of the 10% notes and (iii) the sale of                common shares in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $                per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, the differences between the existing shareholders and the new investors in this offering with respect to the number of shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price per common share, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $                per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $                per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease the total consideration paid by new investors by $                million and, in the case of an increase, would increase the percentage of total consideration paid by new investors by                percentage points and, in the case of a decrease, would decrease the percentage of total consideration paid by new investors by                percentage points, assuming that the number of common shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same. An increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 in the number of common shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease the total consideration paid by new investors by $                million and, in the case of an increase, would increase the percentage of total consideration paid by new investors by                  percentage points and, in the case of a decrease, would decrease the percentage of total consideration paid by new investors by                percentage points, assuming no change in the assumed initial public offering price per common share.

If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional common shares in full, the percentage of shares held by existing shareholders will decrease to                % of the total number of shares outstanding after this offering, and the number of shares held by new investors will be increased to                , or    % of the total number of shares outstanding after this offering.

The table and discussion above exclude:

To the extent that common shares are issued under our outstanding warrants or options are issued under our existing plans, or we issue additional ordinary shares or common shares in the future, there will be further dilution to our existing shareholders and investors participating in this offering.

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables present our selected consolidated financial data as of the dates and for the periods indicated. We derived the selected consolidated statement of profit and loss and comprehensive income data for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, and the selected consolidated statement of financial position data as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 and as of June 30, 2019 and 2020 from our audited consolidated financial statements and unaudited interim financial statements, as applicable, included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our future results. You should read this data together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under the sections titled “Capitalization” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”