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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Mark One)

REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-40852

LUMIRADX LIMITED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 

LumiraDx Limited

c/o Ocorian Trust (Cayman) Limited

PO Box 1350, Windward 3, Regatta Office Park

Grand Cayman KY1-1108

Cayman Islands

(Address of principal executive offices)


Dorian LeBlanc, Chief Financial Officer

LumiraDx, Inc.

221 Crescent Street, 5th Floor

Waltham, MA 02543

(888) 586-4721

Email: IR@lumiradx.com

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered, pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

 

 

 

 

 

Title of each class

 

Trading

Symbol(s)

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common shares, par value $0.0000028 per share

 

 

LMDX

 

The Nasdaq Stock Market

Warrants exercisable to purchase common shares

 

LMDXW

 

 

The Nasdaq Stock Market

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital stock or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

As of December 31, 2021, the issuer had 45,241,767 common shares and 207,462,080 ordinary shares outstanding.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Large accelerated filer

 

 

Accelerated filer

 

 

 

 

 

Non-accelerated filer

 

 

Emerging growth company

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards † provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. GAAP ☐

 

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued

by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒

 

Other ☐

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No ☒

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page

 

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

 

 

1

 

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

 

 

1

 

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

 

 

1

 

A. Reserved

 

 

1

 

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

 

 

1

 

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

 

 

1

 

D. Risk Factors

 

 

1

 

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

 

 

51

 

A. History and Development of the Company

 

 

51

 

B. Business Overview

 

 

52

 

C. Organizational Structure

 

 

96

 

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

 

 

97

 

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

 

 

97

 

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

 

 

97

 

A. Operating Results

 

 

104

 

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

 

107

 

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

 

 

112

 

D. Trend Information

 

 

112

 

E. Critical Accounting Estimates

 

 

112

 

ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

 

 

118

 

A. Directors and Senior Management

 

 

118

 

B. Compensation

 

 

123

 

C. Board Practices

 

 

128

 

D. Employees

 

 

129

 

E. Share Ownership

 

 

130

 

ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

 

130

 

A. Major Shareholders

 

 

130

 

B. Related Party Transactions

 

 

133

 

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

 

 

134

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

 

135

 

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

 

 

135

 

B. Significant Changes

 

 

135

 

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

 

 

135

 

A. Offer and Listing Details

 

 

135

 

B. Plan of Distribution

 

 

135

 

C. Markets

 

 

135

 

D. Selling Shareholders

 

 

135

 

E. Dilution

 

 

136

 

F. Expenses of the Issue

 

 

136

 

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

 

136

 

A. Share Capital

 

 

136

 

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

 

 

136

 

C. Material Contracts

 

 

148

 

 

i


 

D. Exchange Controls

 

 

148

 

E. Taxation

 

 

148

 

F. Dividends and Paying Agents

 

 

154

 

G. Statement by Experts

 

 

154

 

H. Documents on Display

 

 

155

 

I. Subsidiary Information

 

 

155

 

ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

 

156

 

ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

 

 

156

 

A. Debt Securities

 

 

156

 

B. Warrants and Rights

 

 

156

 

C. Other Securities

 

 

156

 

D. American Depositary Shares

 

 

157

 

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

 

 

158

 

ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

 

158

 

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

 

158

 

A. Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

 

158

 

B. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

 

158

 

C. Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

 

158

 

D. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

 

159

 

ITEM 16. RESERVED

 

 

159

 

ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

 

 

159

 

ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS

 

 

159

 

ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 

 

159

 

ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

 

 

159

 

ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

 

 

159

 

ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

 

 

160

 

ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

 

160

 

ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

 

 

160

 

ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

 

 

160

 

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

161

 

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

161

 

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS

 

 

161

 

 

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PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise indicates, references to the “LumiraDx”, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us” refer to LumiraDx Limited, an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Trademarks, Service Marks

LumiraDx and its respective subsidiaries own or have rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks that they use in connection with the operation of their business. In addition, their names, logos and website names and addresses are their trademarks or service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this Annual Report on Form 20-F (“Annual Report”) are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this Annual Report are listed without the applicable ®, ™ and SM symbols, but they will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks.

Financial Information

The terms “dollar,” “USD” or “$” refer to the U.S. dollar and the term “euro,” “EUR” or “€” refer to the euro, unless otherwise indicated. The exchange rate used for conversion between U.S. dollars and euros is based on the ECB euro reference exchange rate published by the European Central Bank.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”). None of the consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). We have made rounding adjustments to some of the figures included in this Annual Report. Accordingly, any numerical discrepancies in any table between totals and sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.

Market and Industry Data

Certain information included in this Annual Report concerning LumiraDx’s industry, including its total addressable market (“TAM”), the volume of tests and the shift of tests from the central lab to the point-of-care (“POC”) are based on its good faith estimates and assumptions derived from management’s knowledge of the industry and other information currently available to LumiraDx. This Annual Report also includes industry and market data that LumiraDx has obtained from periodic industry publications, third-party studies and surveys and other filings of public companies in its industry. Industry publications and surveys generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. This industry and market data could be wrong because of the method by which sources obtained their data and because information cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties. In addition, LumiraDx does not know all of the assumptions regarding general economic conditions or growth that were used in preparing the forecasts from the sources relied upon or cited herein. LumiraDx is responsible for all of the disclosure contained in this Annual Report, and it believes the industry and market data that it obtained from third-party sources are reliable.

The industry in which LumiraDx operates, as well as the assumptions and estimates of its future performance and the future performance of the industry in which it operates, are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section of this Annual Report titled Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors and elsewhere in this Annual Report, that could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these estimates.

 

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements regarding our current expectations or forecasts of future events. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Annual Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, the LumiraDx Platform, tests, ongoing and planned preclinical studies and clinical trials, regulatory submissions and approvals, research and development costs, timing and likelihood of success, as well as plans and objectives of management for future operations are forward-looking statements. Many of the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “expect,” “should,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “will” and “potential,” among others.

Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this Annual Report and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our intent, belief or current expectations. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to, those identified under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors.” These forward-looking statements include:

our ability to compete in the highly competitive markets in which we operate, and potential adverse effects of this competition;
our ability to maintain revenues if our products and services do not achieve and maintain broad market acceptance, or if we are unable to keep pace with or adapt to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and changing regulatory requirements;
uncertainty, downturns and changes in the markets we serve;
our expectations regarding the size of the POC market for the LumiraDx Platform (the “Platform”), which is an integrated system comprised of the POC diagnostic instrument (the “Instrument”) precise, low-cost microfluidic test strips, and seamless, secure digital connectivity, the size of the various addressable markets for certain tests and our ability to penetrate such markets by driving the conversion of healthcare providers’ testing needs onto the Platform;
our commercialization strategy, including our plans to initially focus our sales efforts on large healthcare systems, government organizations and national pharmacy chains that want to deploy comprehensive POC testing across their networks;
our belief that we will be able to drive commercialization of the Platform through the launch of our SARS-CoV-2 antigen and SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests;
the willingness of healthcare providers to use a POC system over central lab systems and the rate of adoption of the Platform by healthcare providers and other users;
the scalability and commercial viability of our manufacturing methods and processes, especially in light of the anticipated demand for the Platform and our minimum commitments to supply the Platform to customers;
our ability to source suitable raw materials and components for the manufacture of the Instrument and test strips in a timely fashion;
our ability to maintain our current relationships, or enter into new relationships, with diagnostics or research and development companies, third party manufacturers and commercial distribution collaborators;
our ability to effectively manage our anticipated growth;
our ability to rapidly develop and commercialize diagnostics tests that are accurate and cost-effective;
the timing, progress and results of our diagnostics tests, including statements regarding launch plans and commercialization plans for such tests, all which may be delayed by or halted due to a number of factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;
the timing, scope or likelihood of regulatory submissions, filings, approvals, authorizations or clearances;
the pricing, coverage and reimbursement of the Instrument and tests, if approved;
our ability to repay or service our debt obligations and meet the financial covenants related to such debt obligations;
our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights and to operate our business without infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights and proprietary technology of third parties; 1

iv


 

developments and projections relating to our competitors and our industry;
our ability to develop effective internal controls over financial reporting;
our ability to attract, motivate and retain qualified employees, including members of our senior management team;
the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including mitigation efforts and economic effects, on any of the foregoing or other aspects of our business or operations;
our expectations regarding the time during which we will be an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) and a foreign private issuer;
the future trading price of common shares and impact of securities analysts’ reports on these prices;
our ability to fully derive anticipated benefits from existing or future acquisitions, joint ventures, investments or dispositions;
exchange rate fluctuations and volatility in global currency markets;
potential adverse tax consequences resulting from the international scope of our operations, corporate structure and financing structure;
U.S. tax legislation enacted in 2017, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;
increased risks resulting from our international operations;
our ability to comply with various trade restrictions, such as sanctions and export controls, resulting from our international operations;
government and agency demand for our products and services and our ability to comply with government contracting regulations; and
our ability to operate in a litigious environment.

These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions described under the sections of this Annual Report titled “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and elsewhere in this Annual Report. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

 

v


 

 

SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS

The following is a summary of certain, but not all, of the risks that could adversely affect our business, operations and financial results. If any of the risks actually occur, our business could be materially impaired, the trading price of our common shares and warrants could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

We are at a pivotal point in the commercialization of our Platform, and we may not succeed for a variety of reasons.
Our short-term revenue prospects will vary with the amount of demand for COVID-19 tests, the presence of variants, which may be further adversely impacted by wide-spread implementation of authorized vaccines or other vaccines or boosters that are subsequently approved or authorized.
We may not obtain regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance of additional tests on our Platform or our Amira System, and we may not be able to successfully develop and commercialize additional tests on the Platform or the Amira System, including scaling up manufacturing and sales capacity.
Our strategy to globally launch a broad menu of tests may not be as successful as currently envisioned.
We may not be able to generate sufficient revenue from our Platform to achieve and maintain profitability.
We may not be able to continue as a going concern if we require and are not able to obtain waivers of covenant violations or restructure our existing debt obligations.
Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, have harmed and may continue to seriously harm our business and increase our costs and expenses.
We rely on a limited number of suppliers for the components of our Platform and our Amira System and for other materials and may not be able to find replacements or immediately transition to alternative suppliers.
We may experience problems in scaling our manufacturing and commercial operations, and scaling may impact performance of our products.
Our business and reputation will suffer if our products do not perform as expected.
We currently derive a significant portion of our revenue from a small number of tests and key customers, and loss of any of these customers could cause a material reduction in revenues. A significant portion of our revenue remains COVID-19 related, and we may not be able to scale other assays sufficiently fast.
The loss of any member of our senior management team or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists, engineers, clinicians and salespeople could adversely affect our business.
Our business and sale of our products are subject to extensive regulatory requirements and our products may not be compliant with the new regulatory framework applicable in the European Union (“E.U.”) beginning May 26, 2022, and approvals of products under the new regulatory regime may be delayed and consequently our ability to continue to commercialize such products in the E.U. may be impacted and this could impact revenues.
If we cannot compete successfully with our competitors, we may be unable to increase or sustain our revenue or achieve and sustain profitability.
The dual class structure of our ordinary shares and our common shares has the effect of concentrating voting control with those holders of our share capital prior to the merger of our wholly owned subsidiary, LumiraDx Merger Sub, Inc., with and into CA Healthcare Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Merger”).
If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent and other intellectual property protection for our products and technology, our ability to successfully commercialize any products we develop may be adversely affected.
If any of our facilities were damaged or destroyed, or if we experience a significant disruption in the expansion of our operations for any reason, our ability to continue to operate our business and meet increased demand could be materially harmed.

vi


 

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

 

A. Reserved

 

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

 

Not applicable.

 

D. Risk Factors

 

We operate in a market environment that is difficult to predict and that involves significant risks, many of which are beyond our control. You should carefully consider the risks described below before you decide to purchase our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we do not currently believe are important to an investor, if they materialize, also may adversely affect us. If any of the events, contingencies, circumstances or conditions described in the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be seriously harmed.

 

Risks Related to Our Business and Strategy

 

We are at a pivotal point in the commercialization of our Platform, and we may not succeed for a variety of reasons.

Since our inception in 2014 until December 31, 2021, we have incurred $460.6 million in research and development costs to develop our Platform, our mass screening testing system (the “Amira System”), and our Fast Lab Solutions products which support high-complexity laboratory testing (“Fast Labs Solutions”). As of the date of this Annual Report, we have eight POC diagnostic tests developed and launched for our Platform: our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, commercially available under Emergency Use Authorization (“EUA”) and CE Marks, which we introduced to the U.S. and European markets in 2019; our INR test, our SARS-CoV-2 antigen pool test, our D-Dimer test, our CRP test and our SARS-CoV-2 Ag & Flu A/B tests, all of which are CE Marked. We also received EUAs for our molecular lab reagent kits, LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR and LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete, achieved CE mark for LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete and commenced sales in the U.S. and Europe. We have submitted an EUA request to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for our SARS-CoV-2 Ag & Flu A/B tests. To date we have not yet received authorization for this combo test and currently the FDA has indicated that authorization will be not be provided as further information is required, amongst other things, additional data points related to Flu A/B testing. There can therefore be no guarantee that authorization will be granted by the FDA and timing on updated submissions depends on the prevalence of Flu A/B and our ability to collect further data.

We have engaged in a large, broad-scale launch of our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and we are relying on such test to create brand awareness and a revenue base to support our cost infrastructure as well as to create an installed base of the Instrument.

While we have launched certain tests, including our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, we have limited commercial experience with our Platform. The launch of additional tests may be delayed, be less successful than we anticipate, or fail for any of the reasons that large commercial launches are ultimately unsuccessful. For example:

Our tests, produced at large scale, might not perform to standards that we have experienced to date. We therefore may not obtain or maintain regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance for some of our

1


 

diagnostic tests in research and development, which may have a significant impact on the commercialization of our Platform.
We have a number of diagnostic tests in our near-term pipeline. We may not receive relevant regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance for some or all of these in a timely fashion, or at all, and this may impact significantly on the commercialization of our Platform.
Unexpected or inconsistent clinical data from existing and future clinical trials, or a regulator’s or the market’s perception of these clinical data when compared to our internal comparative data, may adversely impact our ability to obtain regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance for, or market acceptance of, our diagnostic tests.
We make our Instrument, Amira System and test strips on sophisticated manufacturing systems, and these may not operate at large scale as anticipated.
We may have difficulty sourcing raw materials and components, including micro processing or semiconductor chips or capacitors, to make our Instrument, Amira System and test strips in a timely fashion in necessary quantities, or these materials and components might not comply with our specifications, which are exacting.
We may not be able to supply our Platform through sales channels that are effective and efficient.
Potential users of our Platform might not accept our Platform as being better than those POC systems already available, at the prices we charge or at all.
Governmental and third-party payors might decline to cover our products or reimburse our users for the cost of our Instrument and test strips at favorable rates or at all.
We may not be able to scale-up and sustain operations to a level that allows our investments in technology, equipment, personnel and other resources to achieve sustainable and profitable commercial activities.
Our management, manufacturing, sales and marketing, logistics, research and development, regulatory and other personnel might not be able to sustain the high level of operations that we anticipate and that we will require to produce our anticipated revenue and allow us to operate profitably.
External factors, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, or political or social instability or unrest in our principal markets, such as the recent conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and its potential impact might adversely affect us in ways that we have not planned for.

Operations of the type and scope that we plan are subject to many uncertainties, and many that are undertaken are unsuccessful. We cannot be certain that we will be able to achieve our business objectives as described in this Annual Report, and if our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our short-term revenue prospects will vary with the amount of demand for COVID-19 tests.

Our short-term revenue prospects will continue to vary with the amount of demand for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, SARS-CoV-2 antigen pool test and SARS CoV-2 antibody test and the presence of various variants of the virus. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, three vaccines for COVID-19 have received EUAs from the FDA and two of those later received marketing approval. As additional effective COVID-19 vaccines or treatments are developed, approved or authorized and rolled out to protect against and treat the virus, demand for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, SARS-CoV-2 antigen pool test and SARS CoV-2 antibody test may be impacted and the size of our market opportunity for such tests may be impacted. While we believe that our SARS-CoV-2 antigen, SARS-CoV-2 antigen pool test and SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests will remain in demand as new variants could appear and COVID-19 vaccines or boosters are rolled out and following such rollout to be used as a verification tool to test the efficacy of such vaccines in triggering an immune response, and to facilitate maintaining open economies, the presence of variants, their impact or the availability and efficacy of such vaccines/boosters or the mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic earlier than expected for any other reason could negatively impact demand for our Platform and sales of our Instrument, test strips and other products. While our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test detects major global SARS-CoV-2 variants including Delta, Gamma, Epsilon, Alpha, Beta and Omicron variants, there is no guarantee that our tests will be able to accurately detect all variants of concern. In addition, competitors may produce more accurate tests or tests which receive more favorable demand, both of which may impact our revenue streams and profitability. It is not unreasonable to expect COVID-19 may become a more seasonal flu-like illness, subject to seasonality which will impact revenue cycles.

2


 

Our molecular lab reagent kits, LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR and LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete will also be subject to these demand fluctuations. In addition, we have announced the plan to roll out a five-minute SARS-CoV-2 Ag Ultra test and a five-minute SARS-CoV-2 Ag Ultra Pool test. The launch of such tests may be subject to further validation and clinical trials and regulatory clearances. Launches may be delayed as clinical trials require the presence of virus for clinical testing. Completion of trials may be impacted or delayed in case of low prevalence of the virus.

We have also submitted an EUA request to the FDA for our SARS-CoV-2 Ag & Flu A/B tests. To date we have not yet received authorization for this combo test and currently the FDA has indicated that authorization will be not be provided as further information is required, amongst other things, additional data points related to Flu A/B testing. There can therefore be no guarantee that authorization will be granted by the FDA and timing on updated submissions depends on the prevalence of Flu A/B and our ability to collect further data.

New product development involves a lengthy and complex process and we may be unable to commercialize additional tests on our Platform on a timely basis, or at all.

The launch of additional tests on our Platform may be delayed or may not be successful. There can be no assurance that our Platform will accurately and rapidly identify biomarkers associated with conditions and diseases of importance to our customers, including COVID-19, for a variety of technical reasons or that our Platform will compete with market alternatives or gain market acceptance. Our diagnostic tests which are in development will take time to develop and commercialize, if we are able to commercialize them at all.

Many other POC testing systems are designed for one or few related tests, increasing the odds of creating a successful test but decreasing the odds of developing a system with broad testing abilities. Our strategy involves designing a platform that is diverse and powerful enough to produce high-quality testing abilities for a broad array of tests. While we believe this strategy will result in an industry-leading standard for POC tests, it also creates a very high hurdle for success, which we may not ultimately clear. Various tests may require improved product performance specifications over time.

Further, there can be no assurance that any new diagnostic tests we develop will have acceptable clinical performance. Before we can commercialize any new diagnostic tests, we will need to expend significant funds in order to:

conduct substantial research and development, including validation studies and potentially clinical trials;
further develop and scale our research and development efforts to accommodate different test strip designs or adjustments; and
further develop and scale our infrastructure to be able to analyze increasingly large amounts of data.

Our Platform development process involves a high degree of risk, and development efforts may fail for many reasons, including:

failure of the products to perform as expected at the research or development stage;
lack of validation data; or
failure to demonstrate the clinical utility of the products or pass clinical trials or obtain relevant regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance.

As we develop our Platform and our diagnostic tests, we will have to make significant investments in product development, marketing and selling resources. In addition, competitors may develop and commercialize competing products faster than we are able to do so.

Our Amira System may not obtain regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance, and we may not be able to successfully develop and commercialize our Amira System, including scaling up manufacturing and sales capacity.

We have started adjusting our high performing SARS-CoV-2 antigen test for mass screening applications with our Amira System, which is based upon our Platform and our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. Our Amira System is still under development, which we may not be able to complete successfully. We currently have a prototype Amira System including strips, device and patient mobile device application. We are moving to design freeze of the system and clinical validation. We are simultaneously tooling up high volume manufacturing lines, for the strip and instrument, while we progress through design freeze and the verification and validation (“V&V”) phase. Even if successfully developed, our Amira System will require regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance prior to commercialization. In addition, we may need to seek regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance for specific or limited use cases based on our commercialization plans and then seek separate approval, authorization, certification or clearance over time for other settings, such as home-use settings. For example, we submitted a pre-EUA request to FDA in February 2021 and expect to complete POC clinical testing and achieve CE Mark during the first half of 2022. We started clinical testing of our Amira System in the first quarter

3


 

of 2022, but we may not receive positive clinical data or we may need to perform additional clinical testing to obtain regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance for our Amira System. Revenues related to the Amira System depend on development of mass screening opportunities and continued need for COVID-19 testing in keeping economies open and mass screening testing requirements.

We expect to continue to devote significant operational and financial resources to the development and commercialization of our Amira System to meet expected demand for mass screening applications, including at schools, airports, universities, for return-to-work screening and over time for testing in the home. Our ability to produce the planned volume of Amira COVID-19 tests will be dependent on our ability, and the ability of our contract manufacturers, to successfully and rapidly scale up manufacturing and sales capacities. These efforts may divert management’s attention and resources from other diagnostic tests, including our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, available on our Platform. We may encounter significant difficulties in our efforts to scale, manufacture and supply our Amira System and we cannot guarantee that any of these challenges will be met in a timely manner or at all.

We may not be able to generate sufficient revenue from our Platform to achieve and maintain profitability.

We believe our commercial success is dependent upon our ability to successfully market and sell our Platform to customers, including large healthcare systems, government organizations, national pharmacy chains and community-based healthcare settings, to launch and commercialize our Instrument and diagnostic tests, including those for COVID-19, to continue to expand our current relationships and develop new relationships with diagnostic companies, and to develop and commercialize new POC diagnostic tests. We are scaling our operations assuming a rapid uptake of our Instrument and our SARS-CoV-2 antigen and SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, but the demand for our Platform may not increase for a number of reasons, including due to the evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, or unsuccessful execution of our strategy designed to meet the increased demand for COVID-19 tests, or otherwise. If we are unsuccessful in the commercialization of our SARS-CoV-2 antigen and antibody tests, then we will need significant financial resources to maintain our operations. We have experienced early revenue growth from the sale of our Platform to healthcare professionals, principally for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests, INR tests and from the sale of third-party distribution products and our anticoagulation management programs. We may not be able to continue revenue growth or maintain existing revenue levels.

Our existing customers and collaborators may decide to decrease or discontinue their use of our Platform due to changes in research and product development plans, changes in the occurrence of certain diseases, such as COVID-19, failures in clinical trials, financial constraints, or utilization of internal testing resources or tests performed by other parties, which are circumstances outside of our control. In addition to reducing our revenue, this may reduce our exposure to early stage research that facilitates the incorporation of newly-developed information about various tests into our Platform.

We are currently not profitable. Even if we succeed in increasing the adoption of our Platform by large healthcare systems, government organizations, national pharmacy chains and community-based healthcare settings, maintaining and creating relationships with our existing and new customers and collaborators and developing and commercializing additional POC diagnostic tests, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain profitability.

Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, have and may continue to seriously harm our business and increase our costs and expenses.

The global impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been rapidly evolving in many countries, including the U.K. where our main research, development and manufacturing operations are located, as well as in other countries, and has led to the implementation of various responses, including government-imposed quarantines, travel restrictions, business and school closures and other public health safety measures. These responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted and may continue to materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations due to, among other factors:

a potential for delays in launches of our non-COVID-19 diagnostic tests given reduced and limited access to clinical trial sites for our other tests and social distancing and other measures that restrict ability to work on such tests;
a delay in regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance by FDA, and other applicable regulators to some of our diagnostic assays in development, if such regulators focus their resources on and give priority to COVID-19 testing and treatments or to a specific form of COVID-19 testing that is different than our tests;
a disproportionate impact on the healthcare groups and other healthcare professionals with whom we contract;
supply shortages for materials used to manufacture our COVID-19 products, including of swabs and extraction buffers necessary for use with our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and of chips and other components that are subject to global shortages and necessary to manufacture our Instrument and our Amira System;

4


 

disruptions to our supply chains and sales and marketing efforts due to restrictions on courier delivery services and other transportation systems;
disruptions to operations at our current and future manufacturing systems and facilities and those of our third-party vendors, collaborators, and suppliers;
difficulty accessing the capital and credit markets on favorable terms, or at all, a severe disruption and instability in the global financial markets, and deteriorations in credit and financing conditions which could affect our access to capital necessary to fund our existing and scaled business operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis;
the potential negative impact on the health or productivity of employees, especially if a significant number of them are impacted;
a deterioration in our ability to ensure business continuity during a disruption; and
social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the third parties with whom we engage operate, including any impact of the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

This pandemic, as well as intensified measures undertaken to contain the spread of COVID-19, including variants such as Omicron, could decrease healthcare industry spending; adversely affect demand for our Platform; cause one or more of our customers to file for bankruptcy protection or go out of business; cause one or more of our customers to fail to renew, terminate, or renegotiate their contracts; affect the ability of our business development team to travel worldwide to potential customers and the ability of our professional services teams to conduct in-person services and trainings; impact expected spending from new customers; negatively impact collections of accounts receivable; lead to the closure of our existing or future manufacturing facilities or any of our other production, research and/or distribution facilities; and restrict the movement of people and goods, which could negatively impact employee availability (particularly, in respect of our research and development (“R&D”) and sales and marketing teams), any of which would harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, while we have taken remote work, group isolation and other measures to prevent an outbreak among our employees, further waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, including new variants, could further disrupt our operations as the success of the measures we have implemented is uncertain. Any changes in the regulations, travel restrictions and other public safety measures that have been or may be imposed by countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic could impact our COVID-19 testing volumes and, in particular, as such regulations, travel restrictions and public safety measures are lifted, our COVID-19 testing volumes may decrease.

The loss of any member of our senior management team or our inability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists, engineers, software developers, technicians and salespeople could adversely affect our business.

Our success depends on the skills, experience and performance of key members of our senior management team, including Ron Zwanziger, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Dave Scott, Ph.D., our Chief Technology Officer, and Jerry McAleer, Ph.D., our Chief Scientist. The individual and collective efforts of these employees will be essential as we continue to develop our Platform and additional products, and as we expand our commercial activities. The loss or incapacity of existing members of our executive management team or key scientists and engineers could adversely affect our operations, particularly if we experience difficulties hiring qualified successors. We do not have any employment agreements (other than brief at-will offer letters) or non-compete agreements with our co-founders (i.e., Ron Zwanziger, Dave Scott and Jerry McAleer), and because of their knowledge of the industry and our operations, we believe the loss of any one of their services, or any of them leaving and providing services to any of our competitors, could result in a disruption of our operations and/or put us at a competitive disadvantage, which will likely have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our R&D programs and manufacturing operations depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists, engineers, software developers and technicians. We may not be able to attract or retain a sufficient number of qualified scientists, engineers, software developers and technicians in the future due to the competition for qualified personnel in our industry. We also face competition from universities and public and private research institutions in recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific personnel. We may also have difficulties locating, recruiting or retaining a sufficient number of qualified sales people to successfully scale up our sales and marketing efforts to meet expected demands. Recruiting and retention difficulties can limit our ability to support our R&D and sales and marketing programs. In addition, all of our employees in the U.S. are at-will, which means that either we or the employee may terminate their employment at any time. We also do not maintain “key person” insurance on any of our employees.

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Our Platform may never achieve significant commercial market acceptance.

Our Platform may never gain significant acceptance in the marketplace and, therefore, may never generate substantial revenue or profits for us. Our ability to achieve commercial market acceptance for our Platform will depend on several factors, including:

our ability to demonstrate the clinical utility and cost effectiveness of our Platform and its potential advantages over existing POC systems, or for certain tests, over central lab counterparts, to the medical community;
our ability, and that of our collaborators, to secure and maintain FDA and other applicable regulatory clearance, authorization or approval for certain components of our Platform;
our ability to expand our test menu and provide a broad range of tests on our Platform while maintaining consistency and precision;
our ability to obtain relevant regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance for our diagnostic assays in development, particularly those in our near-term pipeline;
the agreement by commercial third-party payors and government payors to cover and to reimburse our Instrument and test strips, the scope and extent of which will affect healthcare providers’ willingness to pay for our Instrument and test strips and likely heavily influence their decisions to recommend use of our Platform;
the willingness of healthcare providers to use a POC system over central lab counterparts and the rate of adoption of our Platform by healthcare providers and other users; and
the impact of our investments in our Platform innovation and commercial growth.

We believe that the successful completion of clinical trials, publication of scientific and medical results in peer-reviewed journals, and presentations at leading conferences will be important to facilitate the broad adoption of our Platform. Publication in leading medical journals is subject to a peer-review process, and peer reviewers may not consider the results of studies involving our Platform sufficiently novel or worthy of publication.

The failure of our Platform to be listed in physician guidelines or of our clinical trials to produce favorable results or to be published in peer-reviewed journals could limit the adoption of our Platform. We may not be successful in addressing these or other factors that might affect the market acceptance of our Platform and technologies. Failure to achieve widespread market acceptance of our Platform would materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A limited number of customers currently represent a substantial portion of our revenue. If we fail to retain these customers, our revenue could decline significantly.

We currently derive a substantial portion of our revenue from sales to certain key customers, including CVS Pharmacy Inc. (“CVS”) in the U.S. and the National Health Service (“NHS”) in the U.K. As a result, our revenue could fluctuate materially and could be materially and disproportionately impacted by purchasing decisions of these customers or any other significant future customers. Our agreements with CVS and NHS do not have minimum purchase requirements. Any of our significant customers may decide to purchase less than they have in the past, may alter their purchasing patterns at any time with limited notice, or may decide not to continue to use our Platform and test strips at all, any of which could cause our revenue to decline and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers or, in some cases, sole source suppliers, for the components of our Platform and our Amira System and for other materials and may not be able to find, or immediately transition to, alternative suppliers.

We rely on several sole source suppliers for certain components or accessories and materials used in our Instrument and our test strips, such as reagents. In addition, we currently rely solely on Flextronics Ltd. (“Flextronics”), as the sole manufacturer of our Instrument, with components and assemblies supplied by Flextronics and by outside vendors, and our facilities as the sole suppliers of our test strips.

In the case of any alternative supplier for our Instrument, the components of our Instrument or our test strips, there can be no assurance that replacement components or, with regards to the test strips, reagents, swabs or other accessories will be available or will meet our quality control and performance requirements for our operations or products. For example, in November 2020, there was a shortage of a component for use in our Instrument which significantly constrained the production and delivery of our Instrument to customers until we added an additional supplier. We may also have difficulty sourcing raw materials and components, including micro processing or semiconductor chips or capacitors, in a timely fashion in necessary quantities, or these materials and components might not comply with our specifications, which are exacting. An interruption in our ability to develop and produce our Instrument, Amira System or test strips could occur if we encounter delays or difficulties in securing components of our Instrument, Amira System or our test strips, including due to the

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COVID-19 pandemic, and if we cannot then obtain an acceptable substitute. Any changes in such materials could lead to required changes in performance, regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance processes. If we encounter delays or difficulties in securing, reconfiguring or revalidating the equipment and reagents we require for our Platform, our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation could be adversely affected.

Because of a long lead-time to delivery of certain components of our manufacturing system and Platform, we are required to place orders for a variety of items well in advance of scheduled production runs. We have increased our flexibility to purchase strategic components within shorter lead times by entering into scale up arrangements with the suppliers of these components. Although we attempt to match our inventory and production capabilities to estimates of marketplace demand, to the extent Instrument and test strip orders materially vary from our estimates, we may experience continued constraints in our Platform production and delivery capacity, which could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Should our need for raw materials and components used in production continue to fluctuate, we could incur additional costs associated with either expediting or postponing delivery of those materials. In an effort to control costs, we have implemented a lean manufacturing system. Managing the change from discrete to continuous flow production requires time and management commitment. Lean initiatives and limitations in our supply chain capabilities may result in component shortages that delay shipments and cause fluctuations in revenue.

Further, we believe that there are a limited number of other equipment manufacturers that are currently capable of supplying and servicing the equipment necessary for the manufacturing of our Instrument, Amira System and test strips. We have spent significant time and resources developing our manufacturing processes with our existing collaborators, and the use of equipment or materials furnished by these replacement suppliers would require us to significantly alter our operations. It could take a very long time to obtain a new manufacturing system for test strips if additional capacity were needed. Transitioning to a new supplier would therefore be time consuming and expensive, may result in interruptions or delays in our operations, could affect the performance specifications of our operations or could require that we revalidate our Platform and could require us to obtain additional clearance, authorization, approval, accreditation or licensure for the changes. There can be no assurance that we will be able to secure alternative equipment, reagents, and other materials, and bring such equipment, reagents, and materials on line and revalidate them without experiencing interruptions in our workflow.

We may experience manufacturing problems or delays that could limit the growth of our revenue or increase our losses.

Our current and planned manufacturing operations are critical to our commercialization plans, and these operations may not be sufficient to withstand the demands we intend to place on them. Any disruption in the operation of any of our facilities or the facilities of our suppliers could impact our supply chain and operation of our Platform and our ability to conduct our business and generate revenue. We may encounter unforeseen situations that would result in delays or shortfalls in our production as well as delays or shortfalls caused by our outsourced manufacturing suppliers and by other third-party suppliers who manufacture components for our Platform, including delays caused by or constraints on capacity as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. If we are unable to keep up with demand for our Platform, our revenue could be impaired, market acceptance for our Platform could be adversely affected and our customers might instead purchase our competitors’ products. Our inability to successfully manufacture the components of our Platform would have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

If our or our suppliers’ or collaborators’ present or future facilities were to be damaged, destroyed or otherwise unable to operate, whether due to fire, floods, storms, tornadoes, earthquakes, other inclement weather events or natural disasters, employee malfeasance, terrorist acts, public health crises or pandemics, power outages, or otherwise, it may render it difficult or impossible for us to increase our manufacturing and other operations sufficiently to meet increased demand, and our business could be severely disrupted. Our facilities and the equipment we use to manufacture our Platform would be costly to replace and could require substantial lead time to repair or replace.

As we continue to expand our business, we may experience problems in scaling our manufacturing and commercial operations, and if we are unable to support demand for our Platform, our Amira System and our future tests, including ensuring that we have adequate capacity to meet increased demand, or we are unable to successfully manage the evolution of our Platform or our Amira System, our business could suffer.

In connection with the commercialization of our Platform, we have added, and expect to continue to add, personnel in the areas of sales, marketing, manufacturing, regulatory, quality assurance, customer and technical service and other support functions. We also continue to scale our manufacturing, sales and marketing capabilities. As our sales volume grows, we will need to continue to increase our workflow capacity for sales, customer service, billing and general process improvements, expand our internal quality assurance program and to scale up our manufacturing systems for our Platform quickly. We will need additional sales, scientific and technical personnel to market our Platform and our Amira System and follow up on any reported quality issues. Our Amira System is focused on mass screening opportunities and over-the-counter (“OTC”) sales, and marketing channels for professional and OTC sales vary significantly and may require additional support. We will also need to secure additional facilities, purchase additional equipment, some of which can take several months or more to

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procure, setup, and validate, and to significantly and rapidly increase our capacity to meet increased demand. There is no assurance that any of these increases in scale, expansion of personnel, equipment, software and computing capacities, or process enhancements will be successfully implemented on a timely basis, or at all, or that we will have adequate space in our facilities to accommodate such required expansion. Even if these and other measures are implemented successfully, we still expect to experience continued capacity constraints as we commercialize our products.

As additional diagnostic products are commercialized and new tests are developed, we may need to implement adjustments to our Platform and our processes and hire new personnel with different qualifications. Failure to manage this growth or transition could result in delays in the development of new test strips, higher product costs, declining product quality, deteriorating customer service, and slower responses to competitive challenges. A failure in any one of these areas could make it difficult for us to meet market expectations for our Platform and our Amira System and could damage our reputation and the prospects for our business.

If any of our facilities were damaged or destroyed, or if we experience a significant disruption in the expansion of our operations for any reason, our ability to continue to operate our business and meet increased demand could be materially harmed.

As we expand our capacity, we believe it may be necessary to both expand our existing facilities and to add one or more new facilities to meet anticipated demand. We are also in the process of scaling our manufacturing facilities and adding warehouse and office space, which are expected to continue to be rolled out in the next few years, with necessary adjustments based on market needs. Failure to complete, or timely complete, these expansion projects on time or at all, may significantly delay our workflows and operations, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operation. In addition, our financial condition may be adversely affected if we are unable to complete these expansion projects on budget and otherwise on terms and conditions acceptable to us. Finally, our financial condition will be adversely affected if demand for our Platform and our Amira System does not materialize in line with our current expectations and if, as a result, we end up building excess capacity that does not yield a reasonable return on our investment.

We have devoted and continue to devote significant resources for the scale-up and commercialization of our COVID-19 tests.

We are working toward the large-scale technical development and manufacturing scale-up in several countries and larger scale deployment of our COVID-19 tests, including our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, SARS-CoV-2 antigen pool test, our SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR and SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete molecular lab reagent kits, as well as our five-minute SARS-CoV-2 Ag Ultra test, five-minute SARS-CoV-2 Ag Ultra Pool test and our Amira System. The number of potential tests that we are able to produce and bring to market is dependent on our ability, and the ability of our contract manufacturers, to successfully and rapidly scale up manufacturing capacity and our ability to scale up our marketing and sales capacities. To support these scale-ups, we will need to expend significant resources and capital quickly, and we therefore have diverted and expect to continue to divert resources and capital from our other non-COVID-19 diagnostic tests. Our ability to produce and successfully bring to market our COVID-19 tests will also depend on our ability to further scale up on our manufacturing, sales and marketing capacities.

We have entered into, and may continue to enter into, contractual arrangements with customers, suppliers, distributors, manufacturers or other collaborators that contain restrictions or minimum commitments which limit our ability to develop, manufacture, supply, commercialize and distribute our COVID-19 tests. If we fail to meet contractual obligations under our agreements or if we enter into agreements that restrict our ability to develop, manufacture, supply, commercialize and distribute our COVID-19 tests, we may be required to pay damages to the counterparty or contest disagreements or disputes, which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and operations.

Given the rapidity of both the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and our commercialization efforts with respect to our COVID-19 tests, as well as the complexity of the economics of a diagnostic test for a pandemic, we are still considering how to adjust our pricing strategy for these tests and cannot provide assurance as to the ultimate impact of each COVID-19 test on our financial condition and results of operations. Focus on such COVID-19 tests could have the lasting impacts of significant diversions of resources and attention away from the development of other non-COVID-19 diagnostic tests; a possible reduction in our ability to rapidly pivot research, development and commercialization back to other areas of focus; and lost time associated with addressing the demand for our COVID-19 tests. We have started diverting focus from COVID-19 tests onto other tests, such as the roll-out of recently CE marked D-Dimer and CRP tests in Europe, but this transition and our focus may depend on the onset of new variants and peaks in demand for additional COVID-19 testing, as such there may be various fluctuations in supply and demand and impact on overall sales and sales of other tests.

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We are continuously updating and improving our Platform based on the needs of various tests, and this may impact changes, such as upgrades or new versions of our Instrument.

Our Platform is continuously evolving and will continue to do so as more tests are added to our Platform. A specific test may require specific test strip or design changes which could also impact Instrument set up. In addition, we are continuously improving our Instrument and have a pipeline of upgrades to make the Instrument more robust and further lower the costs over time. This may require regular updates to our Instrument, including software upgrades and in certain cases the need to swap out the Instrument for an updated version. Despite our rigorous testing and quality assurance processes, it is possible that our Instrument may prove to operate less reliably than we anticipated or degrade in efficacy over time. If this occurs, this may likewise necessitate updates to our design or software or replacement of Instruments, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and/or reputation. The replacement or refurbishment for further use of an Instrument may require sales and customer support and may lead to older versions of our Platform becoming obsolete which could have an adverse impact on our financial results. The need for an upgrade to an Instrument may impact the commercialization of certain diagnostic assays which require an upgraded Instrument.

Our current tests or any tests that we develop to cover additional menu or diagnostic testing may not be successfully developed or commercialized or gain the acceptance of the public or the medical community.

We plan to implement a broad range of tests on our Platform over time. Each test requires a significant amount of R&D and comes with its own technical challenges. In addition, we aim for all tests to provide lab-comparable results based on comparison against the lab standard reference for such test, where such lab reference is available. In light of the technical and complicated nature of some test strips, R&D timelines may be delayed and lab-comparable results or expected performance criteria may not be met or only be met over time as improvements are rolled out. This may affect our ability to launch or commercialize our tests and could have an adverse impact on our financial results. While we have encouraging internal data for many diagnostic tests, we have not yet performed multi-site, external clinical analyses of most of these tests or otherwise compared these results against clinical results.

While our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test detects major global SARS-CoV-2 variants including Delta, Gamma, Epsilon, Alpha, Beta and Omicron variants, there is no guarantee that our tests will be able to accurately detect all variants of concern. Sensitivity and specificity concerns with respect to COVID-19 tests generally could negatively affect demand for our Platform and therefore our business, revenues and profits. Similar concerns about our collaborators, though unrelated to us, could likewise create negative publicity, which could negatively impact demand for our Platform or harm our reputation. These concerns could be wrongly attributed to our tests and could negatively affect sales of our Instrument. Additionally, concerns about COVID-19 tests generally could adversely affect our business as the general public may associate our SARS-CoV-2 antigen, SARS-CoV-2 antigen pool test and SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests with them. In addition, the medical community is continuously learning and publishing scientific literature about COVID-19 and the success of our COVID-19 tests will depend, in part, on the ability of the tests to detect the virus (or antibodies) or variants of the virus and on acceptance of the test results by the public and medical community. If any of our tests or those of other parties developing similar products receive negative or unfavorable publicity, or the medical community publishes information criticizing the accuracy, effectiveness or utility of COVID-19 tests, whether or not ours, it could result in a decrease in demand for any product that we may develop. In addition, responses by the U.S. federal, state or foreign governments to negative public perception or ethical concerns related to COVID-19 tests may result in new legislation or regulations that could limit our ability to develop or commercialize any product, obtain or maintain regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance, if applicable, identify alternate regulatory pathways to market or otherwise achieve profitability. More restrictive statutory regimes, government regulations or negative public opinion would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, and may delay or impair the development and commercialization of our products or demand for any products we may commercialize.

We have limited data on the performance of our Platform to date and limited experience in marketing and selling our Platform, and if we are unable to expand our direct sales and marketing force to adequately address our customers’ needs, our business may be adversely affected.

We have limited data on the performance of our Platform to date and limited experience in marketing and selling our Platform, which had its formal commercial launch in Europe in 2019 with our INR test and 2021 for our CRP and D-Dimer tests in Europe. We do not currently have, and may not be successful in developing, the capacity to market, sell, or distribute our Platform or other products we may develop effectively or in volumes high enough to support our planned growth.

We currently and will continue to sell our Platform on a region or country specific basis across our footprint in Europe, the U.S., South America, Africa and Asia using a combination of direct sales and sales through our distributors. Our future sales will depend in large part on our ability to develop and substantially expand our sales force and to significantly increase the scope of our marketing efforts. Our target market of identifying customers in healthcare systems, government organizations, national pharmacy chains and community-based healthcare settings is a large and diverse market. As a result, we believe it is

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necessary to develop a large sales force that includes sales representatives with a variety of specific technical backgrounds. We will also need to attract and develop a significant amount of marketing personnel with industry expertise. Competition for such employees is intense. We may not be able to attract and retain personnel or be able to build an efficient and effective sales and marketing force, which could negatively impact sales and market acceptance of our products and limit our revenue growth and potential profitability.

Our expected future growth will impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including the need to identify, recruit, maintain, and integrate additional employees. Our future financial performance and our ability to commercialize our products and to compete effectively will depend, in part, on our ability to manage this potential future growth effectively, without compromising quality.

We also enlist distributors, and we may potentially enlist local collaborators, to assist with sales, distribution, and customer support. Locating, qualifying, and engaging a significant number of distribution collaborators with local industry experience and knowledge will be necessary to effectively market and sell our products. We may not be successful in finding, attracting, and retaining a sufficient number of distributors or other collaborators or we may not be able to enter into such arrangements on favorable terms, or at all. Our sales in low and middle income countries also depend on support from our global health partners, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (“BMGF”) and from national governments. Developing such relationships may require significant resources, time and management attention and could adversely affect our ability to make sales.

Sales practices utilized by our distributors that are locally acceptable may not comply with sales practices standards required under the laws of the U.K., U.S. or other jurisdictions that apply to us, which could create additional compliance costs and risk and demand additional resources, time and management attention. If our sales and marketing efforts are not successful, we may not achieve significant market acceptance for our products, which would materially and adversely impact our business and anticipated financial condition and results of operations.

If we cannot compete successfully with our competitors, we may be unable to increase or sustain our revenue or achieve and sustain profitability.

The diagnostics industry, including in vitro diagnostics (“IVD”) and POC systems, is rapidly evolving, and we face competition from companies that offer products in our targeted application areas. Our principal competition comes from established diagnostic companies. Our competitors include laboratory or POC companies such as Abbott Laboratories, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Danaher Corporation, GenMark Diagnostics, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, Quidel Corporation, Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Siemens Healthineers AG, Inc. and many others. In addition to diagnostic systems, we believe these companies may also develop their own approved or cleared diagnostic kits, which can be sold to the clients who have purchased their systems. In addition, new and existing companies could seek to develop tests that compete with ours.

For each of our eight available tests, we face competition from other commercially available tests, including:

For our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and SARS-CoV-2 antigen pool test: Quidel Sofia, BD Veritor Plus System, Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card, general lateral flow tests and others.
For our SARS CoV-2 antibody test: Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2, Accelerate Diagnostics BioCheck SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test Kits, SD Biosensor Q COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Test and others.
For our SARS-CoV-2 Ag & Flu A/B tests: same as above antigen tests, Roche and SD Biosensor SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A/B tests.
For our INR test: Roche Coaguchek and others.
For our D-Dimer test: Roche Cobas h232 and others.
For our CRP test: Affinion (Abbott) and others.

Our tests in development are designed and validated against their respective lab standard.

Many of our current and future competitors are either publicly traded, or are divisions of publicly-traded companies, and may enjoy a number of competitive technological, financial and market access advantages over us, including:

greater name and brand recognition;
substantially greater financial and human resources and expertise;
broader or superior product lines;
larger sales forces and more established distributor networks;

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substantial intellectual property portfolios;
larger and more established customer bases, relationships with healthcare professionals and third-party payors; and
better established, larger scale, and lower cost manufacturing capabilities.

We believe that the principal competitive factors in all of our target markets include:

cost of instruments and consumables;
flexibility and ease of use;
time to result;
accuracy, including sensitivity and specificity, and reproducibility of results;
reputation among customers;
innovation in product offerings; and
compatibility with existing processes.

Furthermore, even if we do develop new marketable products or services, our current and future competitors may develop products and services that are more commercially attractive than ours, and they may bring those products and services to market earlier or more effectively than us. If we are unable to compete successfully against current or future competitors, we may be unable to increase market acceptance for and sales of our Platform, which could prevent us from increasing or sustaining our revenues or achieving sustained profitability. Our competitors may also use their patent portfolios, developed in connection with developing their tests, to allege that our Platform infringes their patents, and we could face litigation with respect to such allegations and the validity of such patents.

The diagnostic industry is subject to rapidly changing technology which could make our Platform and other products we develop obsolete.

Our industry is characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product introductions and enhancements and evolving industry standards, all of which could make our Platform and the other products we are developing obsolete. Our future success will depend on our ability to anticipate and keep pace with the evolving needs of our customers on a timely and cost-effective basis and to pursue new market opportunities that develop as a result of technological and scientific advances. The attractiveness of our Platform partly depends on the ability to continue to add additional assays and tests in a timely manner. Failure to deliver such tests in the timelines suggested may affect our business plan and ability to obtain greater market penetration, or otherwise cause us to lose market share.

In recent years, there have been advances in methods used to analyze very large amounts of information. We must continuously enhance our Platform and develop new products to keep pace with evolving standards of care. If we do not update our Platform, including successfully developing new tests for our Instrument, such as multiplex test strips with the ability to detect an increased number of markers in a single sample, it could become obsolete and sales of our Platform and any new products could decline, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our business and reputation will suffer if our products do not perform as expected, particularly as test strip volume increases, or if we are unable to establish and comply with stringent quality standards to assure that the highest level of quality is observed in the performance of our Platform, our Amira System and our Fast Lab Solutions.

Inherent risks are involved in providing and marketing diagnostic tests and related services. Our success depends on the market’s confidence that we can provide reliable, high-quality diagnostic products and information that may be used to make critical healthcare decisions. There is no guarantee that the accuracy and reproducibility we have demonstrated to date will continue as our volume of test strips increases or as we commercialize additional tests. We believe that our customers are likely to be particularly sensitive to product defects and errors, including if our products fail to detect certain diseases with high accuracy from clinical specimens. As a result, the failure of any of our products to perform as expected could significantly impair our operating results and our reputation. We may be subject to legal claims arising from any defects or errors.

We must maintain top service standards and government-mandated and other quality controls. Past or future performance or accuracy defects, incomplete or improper process controls, or mishandling of samples or test strips due to inadequate training can lead to incorrect diagnostic results and potentially result in adverse outcomes for patients. These events could lead to voluntary or legally mandated safety alerts relating to our Platform, our Amira System, our Fast Lab Solutions or our

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facilities and could result in the removal of our Platform, our Amira System or our Fast Lab Solutions from the market. Insufficient quality controls and any resulting negative outcomes could result in significant costs and litigation, as well as negative publicity that could reduce demand for our products and payors’ willingness to cover our products. Even if we maintain adequate controls and procedures, damaging and costly errors may occur.

If we cannot maintain our current relationships, or enter into new relationships, with diagnostics or research and development companies, or if our collaborators do not perform as expected, our product development could be delayed.

We rely on research and development collaborators to research and develop certain tests for our Platform. We have existing research and development agreements with well-established diagnostic companies that have market-leading capabilities in specific disease areas or targets, such as infectious diseases, respiratory assays, enteric diseases and others. The inability of these companies to deliver on research and development projects or our inability to use or have sufficient access to required reagents derived from such projects could have an adverse effect on our ability to launch additional tests and thus on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our success in the future depends in part on our ability to maintain these relationships and to enter into new relationships. This can be difficult due to several factors, including internal and external constraints placed on these organizations that can limit the number and type of relationships with companies such as ours that can be considered and consummated. In addition, collaboration, manufacturing and supply agreements can be complex and contain certain provisions that may be susceptible to multiple interpretations. The resolution of any interpretation disagreement that may arise could be adverse to us, for example, by increasing our royalties payable to third parties, by narrowing what we believe to be the scope of our rights to certain intellectual property, or increasing what we believe to be our financial or other obligations under these agreements, and any such outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In addition, we expect that we will have capacity constraints on demand for our overall test portfolio, and we will need to make decisions regarding allocation of supply of such tests, which could have an adverse effect on new or existing relationships with third parties and governments.

We are currently engaged, and expect to continue to engage, in discussions with companies regarding commercial opportunities. There is no assurance that any of these discussions will result in commercial agreements, or if an agreement is reached, that the resulting engagement will be successful and that such companies will perform as expected or that clinical, sales and marketing activities conducted as part of the engagement will produce successful outcomes.

Additionally, speculation in the industry about our existing or potential engagements with life science companies may be a catalyst for adverse speculation about us, our products, and our technology, which may result in harm to our reputation and our business.

We may acquire other businesses or form joint ventures or make investments in other companies or technologies that could negatively affect our operating results, dilute our shareholders’ ownership, increase our debt or cause us to incur significant expense.

We may pursue acquisitions of businesses and assets as well as strategic alliances and joint ventures that leverage our Platform and industry experience to expand our offerings or distribution. If we make any acquisitions, we may not be able to integrate these acquisitions successfully into our existing business, and we could assume unknown or contingent liabilities. Any future acquisitions also could result in the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities or future write-offs of intangible assets or goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Integration of an acquired company also may disrupt ongoing operations and require management resources that we would otherwise focus on developing our existing business. We may experience losses related to investments in other companies, which could have a material negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, technology license, strategic alliance, or joint venture.

To finance any acquisitions or joint ventures, we may choose to issue our common shares as consideration, which would dilute the ownership of our shareholders. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all. If the price of our common shares is low or volatile, we may not be able to acquire other companies or fund a joint venture project using our common shares as consideration.

International expansion of our business exposes us to business, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks.

In addition to the various direct sales units that have already been established in the U.S., most Western European countries, Japan, India, South Africa, Colombia and Brazil, we are planning to both continue to grow direct sales operations as well as extend distribution agreements for our Instrument and test strips in various countries. In addition, in Africa, we plan to continue to collaborate with non-governmental organizations, such as BMGF, to build programs that utilize our Platform to improve patient outcomes across multiple countries on the African continent. We plan to maintain sales representatives and

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distributor relationships, to conduct healthcare provider and patient association outreach activities, to extend research and development capabilities and to expand payor relationships internationally. Doing business internationally involves a number of risks, including:

multiple, conflicting and changing laws and regulations such as privacy regulations, tax laws, economic sanctions, export and import restrictions, employment laws, regulatory requirements, and other governmental approvals, permits, and licenses;
potential competition from existing or future local and regional product offerings;
difficulties in complying with a multitude of product regulations in various jurisdictions, including evolving regulatory pathways in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;
failure by us or our distributors to obtain regulatory approvals, authorizations or clearance for the use of our products in various countries;
additional potentially relevant third-party patent rights;
complexities and difficulties in obtaining protection and enforcing our intellectual property;
difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;
complexities associated with managing multiple payor reimbursement regimes, government payors, or patient self-pay systems;
our dependence on cooperation and donor funding of local aid sources and private foundations, particularly in developing regions such as Africa, as well as cooperation from national healthcare programs and governments;
logistics and regulations associated with shipping samples, including infrastructure conditions and transportation delays;
limits in our ability to penetrate international markets if we are not able to conduct our tests locally;
financial risks, such as longer payment cycles, difficulty collecting accounts receivable, the impact of local and regional financial crises on demand and payment for our products, and exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;
the risk that regional or local distributors may not commit the necessary resources to market and sell our products to the level of our expectations or may choose to favor marketing the products of our regional or local competitors;
natural disasters, political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism, and political and civil unrest, outbreak of disease, boycotts, curtailment of trade, and other business restrictions; and
regulatory and compliance risks that relate to maintaining accurate information and control over sales and distributors’ activities that may fall within the purview of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (“FCPA”), or its books and records or anti-bribery provisions, or similar anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws or regulations in other jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom’s Bribery Act 2010.

Any of these factors could significantly harm our future international expansion and operations and, consequently, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our commercial success in Africa will be dependent on continued donor funding of healthcare initiatives in Africa from a wide variety of sources such as the African Medical Supplies Platform (“AMSP”), Partnership for Supply Chain Management (“PSCM”), The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children Fund, Médecins Sans Frontières and private foundations such as BMGF, the Clinton Health Access Initiative and the Rockefeller Foundation. Our ability to work collaboratively with these funders and with national healthcare programs will be important to our success in utilizing our Platform to help transform primary care delivery in Africa and improve patient outcomes and delays in such efforts may impact the roll out of these programs, as a lot of parties are involved and we do not control operations of such complex entities.

If we were sued for product liability or professional liability we could face substantial liabilities that exceed our resources.

The marketing, sale and use of our products could lead to the filing of product liability claims were someone to allege that our Platform, our Amira System or other products identified inaccurate or incomplete information or otherwise failed to perform as designed. We may also be subject to liability for errors in, a misunderstanding of, or inappropriate reliance upon,

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the information we provide in the ordinary course of our business activities. A product liability or professional liability claim could result in substantial damages and be costly and time-consuming for us to defend.

We maintain product and professional liability insurance, but this insurance may not fully protect us from the financial impact of defending against, settling, or paying damages in respect of product liability or professional liability claims and such policies will be subject to limitations and exclusions. Any product liability or professional liability claim brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our insurance rates or prevent us from securing insurance coverage in the future. Additionally, any product liability lawsuit could damage our reputation, cause current customers to terminate existing agreements, or cause potential customers to seek other suppliers, any of which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to, and may in the future become subject to, claims and litigation that could result in significant expenses and could ultimately result in unfavorable outcomes for us.

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation and other proceedings, including matters related to product liability claims, commercial disputes and intellectual property claims, as well as regulatory, employment, and other claims related to our business. Litigation related to our Company, our business, and our operations or financial performance may also involve customers, competitors, suppliers, patients, shareholders, governmental authorities or other third parties, including potential whistleblower claims and other employee-related claims. Our Amira System may be marketed OTC and could thus bring consumer liability claims with it. Litigation can be lengthy, expensive and disruptive to our operations, and results cannot be predicted with certainty. An adverse decision could result in significant settlement amounts, monetary damages, fines or injunctive relief that could affect our financial condition or results of operations. Even if lawsuits do not result in an unfavorable outcome, the costs of defending or prosecuting such lawsuits may be material to our business and our operations. Moreover, these lawsuits may divert management’s attention from the operation of our business, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our employees, principal investigators, consultants, and collaborators may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory standards and requirements, and insider trading.

We are exposed to the risk of fraud or other misconduct by our employees, principal investigators, consultants, and collaborators. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional failures to comply with the regulations of FDA and other applicable regulators, comply with healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations in the U.K., U.S. and abroad, report financial information or data inaccurately, or fail to disclose unauthorized activities to us. In particular, sales, marketing, and business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to prevent fraud, misconduct, kickbacks, self-dealing, and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commission, customer incentive programs, and other business arrangements. Such misconduct could also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical studies, which could result in regulatory sanctions and cause serious harm to our reputation. We currently have a code of conduct applicable to all of our employees, but it is not always possible to identify and deter employee misconduct, and our code of conduct and anti-bribery policies and the other precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses, or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with these laws or regulations, particularly as we seek to rapidly expand our business on a global scale. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could result in the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions, which could have a significant impact on our business. Whether or not we are successful in defending against such actions or investigations, we could incur substantial costs, including legal fees, and divert the attention of management in defending ourselves against any of these claims or investigations.

We depend on our information technology systems, and any failure of these systems could harm our business.

We depend on information technology and telecommunications systems for significant elements of our operations, including all connectivity solutions associated with our Platform, our research and development data and quality management system, our knowledge and inventory management system, our factory controls, our customer provisioning and analytics reporting and our patient care database management. We have installed, and expect to expand, a number of enterprise software systems that affect a broad range of business processes and functional areas, including for example, systems handling human resources, financial controls and reporting, contract management, regulatory compliance, and other infrastructure operations. In addition to the aforementioned business systems, we intend to extend the capabilities of both our preventative and detective security controls by augmenting the monitoring and alerting functions, the network design, and the automatic countermeasure operations of our technical systems. These information technology and telecommunications systems support a variety of functions, including operations, test validation, sample processing, quality control, customer service support, research and development activities, scientific and medical curation, and general administrative activities. In addition, our

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third-party billing and collections provider depends upon technology and telecommunications systems provided by outside vendors.

Information technology and telecommunications systems are vulnerable to damage from a variety of sources, including telecommunications or network failures, malicious human acts and natural disasters. Moreover, despite network security and back-up measures, some of our servers are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, and similar disruptive problems. Despite the precautionary measures we have taken to prevent unanticipated problems that could affect our information technology and telecommunications systems, failures or significant downtime of our information technology or telecommunications systems or those used by our third-party service providers could prevent our Platform from functioning properly and conducting analyses or prevent us from preparing and providing reports, conducting research and development activities, and managing the administrative aspects of our business. Any disruption or loss of information technology or telecommunications systems on which critical aspects of our operations depend could have an adverse effect on our business.

Security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we may collect and store sensitive data, including legally protected health information, personal information, intellectual property and proprietary business information owned or controlled by ourselves or our customers, payors, and collaborators. We manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing a combination of on-site systems, managed data center systems, and cloud-based data center systems. We may communicate sensitive patient data to customers through our Platform. These applications and data encompass a wide variety of business-critical information and regulated information including research and development information, commercial information, and business and financial information. We face risks relative to protecting this critical information, including: loss of access risk; inappropriate disclosure risk; inappropriate modification risk; and the risk of our being unable to adequately monitor our controls over these risks.

The secure processing, storage, maintenance, and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy, and we devote significant resources to protecting such information. Although we take measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure, and that of our third-party service providers, may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or viruses or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions. Any such breach or interruption could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, such as the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended (“HIPAA”), and its implementing regulations, and regulatory penalties. Although we have implemented commercially reasonable security measures and a formal, dedicated enterprise security program to prevent unauthorized access to patient data, our Platform gives broad access to physicians, where the physicians control any other access to our Platform, and there is no guarantee we can continue to protect our online portal and mobile application from breach. Further, as we develop products and features that may be used or accessed outside of the traditional healthcare setting, there will be additional challenges to protecting the security of information and systems. Unauthorized access, loss or dissemination could also disrupt our operations, including our Platform’s ability to conduct analyses and provide test results and our ability to provide customer assistance services, conduct research and development activities, collect, process, and prepare company financial information, provide information about our products and other patient and healthcare provider education and outreach efforts through our website or otherwise, or to manage the administrative aspects of our business, and may damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) Office of Civil Rights may impose significant penalties on a covered entity or a business associate for a failure to comply with a requirement of HIPAA. Penalties will vary significantly depending on a variety of factors such as the date of the violation or whether the failure to comply was known or should have been known, or whether failure to comply was due to willful neglect. Additionally, a person who knowingly obtains or discloses individually identifiable health information in violation of HIPAA may face a criminal penalty and imprisonment. The U.S. Department of Justice is responsible for criminal prosecutions under HIPAA. HIPAA also authorizes state attorneys general to file suit on behalf of their residents. Courts may award damages, costs and attorneys’ fees related to violations of HIPAA in such cases. While HIPAA does not create a private right of action allowing individuals to sue us in civil court for violations of HIPAA, its standards have been used as the basis for duty of care in state civil suits such as those for negligence or recklessness in the misuse or breach of protected health information. Furthermore, in the event of a breach as defined by HIPAA, we may be required to comply with specific reporting requirements under the HIPAA regulations, which may include notification to the general public, depending on the scale of the breach.

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In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer, health-related, and data protection laws in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere are often uncertain, contradictory, and in flux. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices. If so, this could result in government-imposed fines or orders requiring that we change our practices, which could adversely affect our business or reputation. In addition, these privacy regulations may differ from country to country, and may vary based on whether testing is performed in the U.S. or in the local country. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business.

Global economic or business instability may have a negative impact on our business.

Continuing concerns over the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, health care reform legislation, geopolitical issues, such as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the availability and cost of credit, and government stimulus programs in the U.S. and other countries have contributed to volatility for the global economy. The current military conflict between Russia and Ukraine could disrupt or otherwise adversely impact the global economy and related sanctions, export controls or other actions that may be initiated by nations, including the U.K., the E.U., the U.S. and Russia could adversely affect our business and/or our supply and distribution chains, manufacturers, suppliers or customers. If the economic climate does not improve, our business, including our access to patient samples and the addressable market for diagnostic tests that we may successfully develop, as well as the financial condition of our suppliers and our commercial third-party payors, could be adversely affected, resulting in a negative impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Additionally, the instability has resulted in diminished liquidity and credit availability in the market, which could impair our ability to access capital if required or adversely affect our operations. In the event of further economic slowdown, investment in research and development may also experience a further corresponding slowdown.

If we fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business.

We are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures and the handling, use, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. Our operations involve the use of hazardous and flammable materials, including chemicals and biological materials. Our operations also produce hazardous waste products. We generally contract with third parties for the disposal of these materials and wastes. We cannot eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of contamination or injury resulting from our use of hazardous materials, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our resources. We also could incur significant costs associated with civil or criminal fines and penalties. Although we maintain workers’ compensation insurance to cover us for costs and expenses we may incur due to injuries to our employees resulting from the use of hazardous materials, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. We do not maintain insurance for environmental liability or toxic tort claims that may be asserted against us in connection with our storage or disposal of biological, hazardous or radioactive materials.

Our borrowing arrangements contain restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business.

In March 2021, LumiraDx Investment Limited, one of our subsidiaries, entered into a senior secured term loan, as amended from time to time (the “2021 Senior Secured Loan”), with BioPharma Credit Investments V (Master) LP and BPCR Limited Partnership, as lenders and BioPharma Credit PLC (collectively, “Pharmakon”), as collateral agent. We have borrowed $300 million under the 2021 Senior Secured Loan, part of which was used to prepay the senior secured term loan originally dated as of October 6, 2020, as amended on October 16, 2020 and as further amended on January 15, 2021, between LumiraDx Group Limited (“LumiraDx Group”), one of our subsidiaries, and Silicon Valley Bank, as lender and Jefferies Finance LLC (“Jefferies”), as lender and administrative and collateral agent pursuant to which Jefferies originally made available to LumiraDx Group a $100 million senior secured term loan facility and, pursuant to an incremental term loan notice dated as of January 15, 2021, Silicon Valley Bank had provided an incremental term loan facility of an additional $40 million. The 2021 Senior Secured Loan is subject to an interest rate of 8.0% per annum payable in quarterly cash installments. The 2021 Senior Secured Loan matures on March 29, 2024. The 2021 Senior Secured Loan has been guaranteed and secured by LumiraDx and certain of our subsidiaries. The 2021 Senior Secured Loan contains various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions without the prior consent of Pharmakon, including:

making certain restricted payments, including paying dividends on, or repurchasing or making distributions with respect to, our shares subject to certain exceptions;
selling, transferring, leasing or disposing of certain assets;
encumbering or permitting liens on certain assets;
incurring certain indebtedness; and
entering into certain transactions with affiliates.

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The 2021 Senior Secured Loan also includes certain financial covenants which require:

a minimum liquidity level to be maintained which is tested on a monthly basis; and
a minimum net sales threshold to be met on a trailing twelve-month net sales basis.

It cannot be guaranteed that minimum liquidity or minimum net sales thresholds would be met in any given period (considering fluctuation in demand of our products also). This may lead to a breach of our debt arrangements or a requirement to renegotiate certain portions.

Upon the occurrence of a change in control, the 2021 Senior Secured Loan also requires mandatory prepayment of amounts outstanding thereunder. Such change in control may involve one of (i) the persons who are the direct or indirect shareholders of LumiraDx as at March 23, 2021, ceasing to beneficially own, directly or indirectly, 30% of the then-outstanding share capital of LumiraDx, (ii) a sale of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of LumiraDx Investment Limited and its subsidiaries, (iii) LumiraDx ceasing to own, directly or indirectly, 100% of the equity interests in LumiraDx Investment Limited or (iv) a merger or consolidation of one of LumiraDx, LumiraDx Group or LumiraDx Investment Limited, as applicable, in which such entity is not the surviving entity.

A breach of any of the covenants under the 2021 Senior Secured Loan could result in a default. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2021 Senior Secured Loan, Pharmakon could elect to declare all amounts outstanding to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. Upon the occurrence of insolvency and insolvency proceedings events of default in respect of our U.S. subsidiaries all amounts outstanding will automatically be immediately due and payable. If we are unable to repay those amounts, Pharmakon could proceed against the collateral granted to secure such indebtedness.

We have also borrowed $18 million from BMGF pursuant to a note, which is structurally subordinated to the 2021 Senior Secured Loan. In the event of certain triggering events under such note, BMGF may exercise its rights under our other agreements with BMGF to require us to perform certain technology transfers to a third party to allow for the use of the related technology and to manufacture the relevant products under a license granted by us to BMGF. If we were required by BMGF to make a technology transfer, it could have a significant adverse effect on us and our business, as we would be transferring significant intellectual property for no consideration.

Our outstanding convertible Notes, as described below, limit our ability to incur additional debt and may restrict our ability to expand debt financing.

In addition, we may seek additional debt or restructure or refinance our existing indebtedness. We may not be able obtain additional debt or restructure or refinance our existing indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternative actions may cause us to enter into borrowing arrangements with additional restrictions.

Risks Related to Government Regulation

If commercial third-party payors or government payors fail to provide coverage or adequate reimbursement for our Platform or future products we develop, if any, our revenue and prospects for profitability would be harmed.

In both domestic and foreign markets, the commercial success of our Platform and any future products we may develop will depend on the extent to which we obtain and maintain coverage and adequate reimbursement from governments or third-party payors. These third-party payors include government healthcare programs (such as Medicare and Medicaid in the U.S. or national or regional health services or payors in other jurisdictions), managed care organizations, health maintenance organizations, private health insurers, and other organizations. Physicians may not use our Platform or diagnostic tests unless commercial third-party payors and government payors pay for all, or a substantial portion, of the list price, and certain commercial third-party payors may not agree to reimburse our Platform if the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”), or pricing and reimbursement authorities in other jurisdictions do not issue a positive coverage decision.

In the U.S., CMS decides whether and to what extent a product will be covered and reimbursed under Medicare and private payors tend to follow CMS to a substantial degree. Therefore, we believe that obtaining and maintaining a favorable reimbursement rate from CMS for our Platform will be a necessary element in achieving material commercial success. Healthcare providers and patients may not order our Platform unless third-party payors cover and pay for all, or a substantial portion, of the list price, and certain commercial third-party payors may not agree to reimburse our Platform if CMS does not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement. Further, while due to the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of individuals have lost or will be losing employer-based insurance coverage, which may adversely affect our ability to commercialize our products, as part of the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), and the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, HHS has previously provided claims reimbursement to health care providers generally at Medicare rates for testing uninsured individuals for COVID-19 on or after February 4, 2020. This

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program stopped accepting claims for reimbursement in March 2022 and it is unclear whether the program will resume at a future date. It is also unclear whether providers would use such avenue for reimbursement for our products if it was available.

If CMS denies reimbursement of our Platform, withdraws its coverage policies after reimbursement is obtained, reviews and adjusts the rate of reimbursement, or stops paying for our Platform altogether, our revenue and results of operations would be adversely effected. Additionally, we could experience negative consequences, including:

we could be forced to rely on private insurance coverage, which would greatly decrease our intended market opportunity for our Platform;
a negative coverage determination could adversely affect our ability to enter into partnerships with leading healthcare systems; and
we may need to conduct additional clinical validation, utility and other studies as part of an appeal of a negative Medicare coverage decision, and even if we expended the substantial time and resources to conduct such studies, they may not be successful and they may not result in a positive Medicare coverage determination.

Coverage and reimbursement of diagnostic tests by third-party payors may depend on a number of factors, including a payor’s determination that our Platform or other products are:

not experimental or investigational and are otherwise authorized for marketing in the jurisdiction;
medically necessary;
appropriate for the specific patient;
cost-effective;
supported by peer-reviewed publications;
included in clinical practice guidelines; and
supported by clinical utility studies.

In the U.S., no uniform policy for coverage and reimbursement for products exists among third-party payors. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for our products can differ significantly from payor to payor. The process for determining whether a payor will provide coverage for a product may be separate from the process for setting the reimbursement rate that the payor will pay for the product. One payor’s determination to provide coverage for a product does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage and reimbursement for the product. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a product does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Patients who are prescribed treatments for their conditions and providers performing the prescribed services generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the associated healthcare costs. If coverage and adequate reimbursement is not maintained or made available, or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our Platform. We cannot be sure that coverage and reimbursement will be maintained or made available for, or accurately estimate the potential revenue from, our Platform or assure that coverage and reimbursement will be available for any product that we have or may develop. If we cannot maintain or obtain coverage and adequate reimbursement from third party payors for our Platform or any future products, demand for such products may decline or may not grow as we expect, which could limit our ability to generate revenue and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

In both domestic and foreign jurisdictions, third-party payors, including government payors, are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs by demanding price discounts or rebates and limiting both coverage on which diagnostic products they will pay for and the amounts that they will pay for new diagnostic products. Because of the cost-containment trends, third-party payors that currently provide reimbursement for, or in the future cover, our Platform may reduce, suspend, revoke, or discontinue reimbursement or coverage at any time.

As a result, there is significant uncertainty surrounding whether the use of products that incorporate new technology, such as our Platform, will be eligible for coverage by third-party payors or, if eligible for coverage, what the reimbursement rates will be for those products. The fact that a diagnostic product has been covered and reimbursed in the past, for any particular indication or in any particular jurisdiction, does not guarantee that such a diagnostic product will remain covered or reimbursed or that similar or additional diagnostic products will be covered or reimbursed in the future.

In addition, we may develop new assays that may require obtaining a Current Procedure Terminology (“CPT”) procedure code. CMS prices the new clinical diagnostic laboratory test codes using a “crosswalking” or “gapfilling” process. “Crosswalking” occurs when a new test or substantially revised test is determined to be similar to an existing test, multiple existing test codes, or a portion of an existing test code, which can then be utilized to determine reimbursement. “Gapfilling” is a process by which CMS will refer the codes to the Medicare Administrative Contractors (“MACs”) to allow them to

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determine an appropriate price, since there is no comparable, existing code. After a year of reimbursement at the local MAC rates, CMS calculates a national limitation amount based on the median of rates for the test code across all MACs. In addition, CMS may not provide coverage for certain of the new codes for Multi-analyte Assays with Algorithmic Analyses (“MAAAs”) due to concerns that clinical efficacy and usefulness have not been widely established and documented. CMS has left the approval of new codes for MAAAs under the purview of the MACs. Our reimbursement could be adversely affected by CMS’ action in this area, including by a negative national coverage determination. If it limits coverage or reduces reimbursement for the new test codes or does not pay for our new MAAA codes, then our revenue will be adversely affected. There can be no guarantees that Medicare and other payors will establish positive or adequate coverage policies or reimbursement rates. We cannot predict whether future health care initiatives will be implemented at the federal or state level, or how any future legislation or regulation may affect us. The expansion of government’s role in the U.S. health care industry, and changes to the reimbursement amounts paid by Medicare and other payors for our current tests and our planned future tests, may reduce our profits, if any, and have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In some foreign countries, the proposed pricing for a product must be approved before it may be lawfully marketed. The requirements governing pricing vary widely from country to country. For example, in the E.U. while most Member States apply some sort of pricing measures or controls, pricing and reimbursement of IVDs is not harmonized at a European level. Member States in the E.U. have exclusive competence to determine pricing and reimbursement of IVDs within their jurisdiction. In addition, many jurisdictions reimburse IVDs as part of the costs associated with certain treatments or procedures. In those cases, the pricing and reimbursement of our tests will be determined by the costs allocated to testing as part of the procedure and whether the relevant health service will select and procure our products. Therefore, the price we obtain for our products will vary depending on the different statutory health schemes within each Member State. There can be no assurance that any country that has price controls or reimbursement limitations for diagnostic products will allow favorable reimbursement and pricing arrangements for any of our products. Historically, products launched in the E.U. do not follow price structures of the U.S. and generally prices tend to be significantly lower.

The U.S. and foreign governments continue to propose and enact or promulgate legislation, regulations, guidance and other policies designed to reduce the cost of healthcare. For example, in some foreign markets, the government controls the pricing of many healthcare products. We expect that there will continue to be federal and state proposals to implement governmental controls or impose healthcare requirements. In addition, the Medicare program and increasing emphasis on managed care in the U.S. will continue to put pressure on product pricing. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that we would receive for any products in the future, which would limit our revenue and profitability.

Payors from whom we may receive reimbursement are able to withdraw or decrease the amount of reimbursement provided for our products at any time in the future.

Our commercial success also depends on our ability to maintain coverage and adequate reimbursement from those payors that decide to cover and reimburse our Platform. Further, one payor’s determination to provide coverage for a product does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage and reimbursement for the product, and the level of coverage and reimbursement can differ significantly from payor to payor. Payors could withdraw coverage and stop providing reimbursement for our products in the future or may reimburse our products only on a case-by-case basis.

Further, even if we obtain written agreements regarding coverage and reimbursement with certain payors, these agreements are not guarantees of indefinite coverage in an adequate amount. For example, these agreements are typically terminable without cause by either party and are typically renewable annually, and the applicable payor could opt against renewal upon expiration. In addition, the terms of certain of our written arrangements may require pre-approval from the payor or other controls and procedures prior to use by a healthcare provider. To the extent these requirements are not followed, our Platform may fail to receive some or all of the reimbursement payments to which it is otherwise entitled. These payors must also conclude that claims for our Platform satisfy the applicable contractual criteria. In addition, our written agreements regarding reimbursement with payors may not guarantee the receipt of reimbursement payments at what we believe to be the applicable reimbursement rate for such claims. If payors withdraw coverage for our products or reduce the reimbursement amounts for our products, our ability to generate revenue could be limited, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

Our business and the sale of our products are subject to extensive regulatory requirements, including compliance with labeling, manufacturing and reporting controls. If we fail or are unable to timely obtain the necessary authorizations, approvals or clearances for new products, our ability to generate revenue could be materially harmed.

Our products are classified as IVDs in the U.K. and the E.U. and as medical devices in the U.S. and are subject to extensive regulation in the U.K., E.U. and the U.S. by the FDA and other federal, state and local authorities and by similar regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions. Our products should be used in line with applicable Instructions for Use (“IFUs”) and product authorizations. Customers may choose to use our products “off label”. However, as a manufacturer, our obligation is

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to limit our marketing and promotion to “on label” uses only. Government regulation of medical devices is meant to assure their safety and effectiveness, and includes regulation of, among other things:

design, development and manufacturing;
testing and labeling, including directions for use, processes, controls, quality assurance and packaging;
storage, distribution, installation and servicing;
preclinical studies and clinical trials;
establishment registration and listing;
product safety and effectiveness;
marketing, sales and distribution;
premarket approval, de novo classification, 510(k) clearance and EUA;
recordkeeping procedures;
advertising and promotion;
complaint handling, corrections and removals, and recalls;
post-market surveillance, including reporting of deaths or serious injuries, and malfunctions that, if they were to recur, would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury; and
product import and export.

In the U.S., before we can market a new medical device, or a new use of, or claim for, an existing product, we must first receive either 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, Premarket Approval (“PMA”) or EUA from FDA, unless an exemption applies.

The process of obtaining a PMA is much more costly and uncertain than the 510(k) clearance process and generally takes from one to three years, or longer, from the time the application is submitted to FDA until an approval is obtained. The process of obtaining 510(k) clearances or PMA approvals to market a medical device can be costly and time consuming, and we may not be able to obtain these clearances or approvals on a timely basis, if at all.

An EUA may be granted for unapproved medical products, including IVDs, which authorizes the products to be marketed in the context of an actual or potential emergency that has been designated by the government. The COVID-19 pandemic has been designated such a national emergency. EUAs authorize the use of specific products based on criteria established by statute, including that the product at issue may be effective in diagnosing, treating, or preventing serious or life-threatening diseases when there are no adequate, approved, and available alternatives. An EUA is subject to additional conditions and restrictions and is product-specific. An EUA terminates when the emergency determination underlying the EUA terminates.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain any 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, PMA approval or any additional EUAs. FDA can delay, limit or deny 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, PMA approval or EUA of a device for many reasons, including:

we may not be able to demonstrate to FDA’s satisfaction that our products are safe and effective for their intended uses;
the data from our preclinical studies and clinical trials may be insufficient to support clearance, classification, approval or authorization, where required; and
the manufacturing process or facilities we use may not meet applicable requirements.

FDA may refuse our requests for 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, premarket approval or EUA of new products, new intended uses or modifications to existing products. Additionally, even if obtained, 510(k) clearances, de novo classifications, premarket approvals or EUAs could be withdrawn or revoked at any time for a number of reasons, including the failure of our Platform or other products to perform as expected. In particular, other companies have had their FDA approvals, or authorizations, including EUAs, revoked due to sensitivity and specificity concerns, and we cannot predict the circumstances under which the FDA would revoke an EUA for a COVID-19 test, including ours, as an understanding of the virus and the efficacy of tests and treatments is continuously evolving.

If we receive approval, authorization, certification, classification or clearance for our tests, we will be subject to ongoing FDA obligations and continued regulatory oversight and review, such as compliance with the Quality System Regulation,

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inspections by the FDA, continued adverse event and malfunction reporting, corrections and removals reporting, registration and listing, and promotional restrictions, and we may also be subject to additional FDA post-marketing obligations. If we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may not be permitted to market our tests and/or may be subject to fines, injunctions, and civil penalties; recall or seizure of products; operating restrictions; and criminal prosecution. In addition, we may be subject to similar regulatory compliance actions of foreign jurisdictions.

We may recall, replace, or make corrections to our Instrument, test strips or other products which could negatively impact manufacturing, supply and customer relationships, and may result in adverse regulatory action, including revision or revocation of an EUA. For example, beginning in early January 2021, based on reports of suspected false positive results, we initiated recalls of some test strips for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. As per applicable regulations, we notified and are in contact with FDA, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), U.K. regulatory authority and the national competent regulatory authorities of the affected E.U. countries regarding these actions. To mitigate further potential interference effects or false positives, we also added error checking measures in the Instrument, manufacturing process controls and quality control testing and release criteria, as well as a mandatory software update rolled out in February 2021 and a subsequent voluntary software update rolled out in March 2021. We cannot guarantee that no issues shall arise with regards to batches in the field where customers do not implement proposed software updates or batches manufactured prior to changes being implemented. We continue to monitor and investigate any complaints. The impact of the existence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants, change in seasons or mucus composition mix further impact our current SARS-CoV-2 antigen test.

We will need to submit numerous applications for approval, authorization, certification, classification or clearance for each test as it becomes available, which could put significant pressure on R&D and regulatory staff, resulting in delays. From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in the U.K., other European jurisdictions or the U.S. that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing any regulatory approval, authorization, certification, classification or clearance that we receive in such jurisdictions. In addition, in the U.S., FDA may change its authorization, clearance, classification and approval policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions that may prevent or delay, approval, authorization, certification, classification or clearance of our products under development or impact our ability to modify any marketed products on a timely basis.

Changes in the way FDA and other comparable regulatory authorities regulate or notified bodies assess products developed, manufactured, validated and marketed by commercial manufacturers like us could result in delay or additional expense in offering our products and products that we may develop in the future.

In the U.S., we have marketed our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, pursuant to the “Policy for Diagnostic Tests for Coronavirus Disease-2019 during the Public Health Emergency” issued by FDA on February 29, 2020 and most recently revised on November 15, 2021. This policy originally allowed for the limited development and distribution of diagnostic test kits and antibody tests to detect viral particles and identify antibodies of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by commercial manufacturers prior to or without an EUA, subject to certain notification requirements. As of November 2021, the FDA ended this notification policy and generally expects the submission and issuance of an EUA prior to the distribution of such tests. We have obtained EUAs from FDA for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, and such tests are authorized for use at the POC under the EUA granted for each such test. Our tests should be used in line with approved IFUs and within their approved authorizations. A wave of regulatory applications in the U.S., combined with COVID-19 operational challenges, including potential staff shortages at regulatory agencies and elsewhere, could result in delays in approvals, authorizations or clearances for our SARS-CoV-2 tests or otherwise. FDA or other comparable regulatory agencies may prioritize certain applications or submissions based on the testing methodologies or other factors. In addition, FDA has issued and may issue further guidance (such as the draft Transition Plan discussed below) or change regulatory requirements at any time, which may delay our marketing and sales efforts and/or necessitate costly measures to maintain regulatory compliance with respect to these and any future products, which would have a detrimental effect on our business.

Our LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR, and the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete have not been cleared or approved by FDA. The LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 antigen test has been authorized by FDA under an EUA only for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. The LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 antibody test has been authorized by FDA under an EUA only for the qualitative detection of total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR and LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete have been authorized by FDA under an EUA only for the qualitative detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2. They have not been authorized for use to detect any other viruses or pathogens. The tests are authorized in the U.S. for the duration of the declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of IVD tests for detection and/or diagnosis of COVID-19 under Section 564(b)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-3(b)(1), unless the authorization is terminated or revoked sooner. We have also submitted a request for an EUA for our SARS-CoV-2 Ag & Flu A/B tests, but we have not yet received authorization for this combo test and currently the FDA has indicated that authorization will be not be provided as further information is required, amongst other things, additional

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data points related to Flu A/B testing. There can therefore be no guarantee that authorization will be granted by the FDA and timing on updated submissions depends on the prevalence of Flu A/B and our ability to collect further data.

For our IVD devices for other indications, we may not market these devices for the POC until we have received the requisite regulatory approvals, clearances, classifications or certifications for each product. Our product development program may be curtailed, redirected, eliminated or delayed at any time for many reasons, including if FDA, other regulators or notified bodies change how these devices are regulated or assessed, and we cannot predict whether we will successfully develop and commercialize these devices. FDA or a comparable regulatory authority may require more information, including additional clinical data, to support approval, clearance, classification or certification, which may delay or prevent approval and our commercialization plans, or we may decide to abandon the development program. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial prospects of our products.

Healthcare policy changes, including legislation reforming the U.S. health care system, may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In the U.S. and in some foreign jurisdictions, there have been, and likely will continue to be, a number of legislative initiatives and regulatory changes regarding the healthcare system directed at broadening the availability of healthcare, improving the quality of healthcare, and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. For example, in March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) was enacted, which made a number of substantial changes in the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers. Among other things, the ACA required each certain medical device manufacturer to pay an excise tax (“Medical Device Excise Tax”) equal to 2.3% of the price for which such manufacturer sells its medical devices that are listed with FDA. However, this tax was permanently eliminated as part of the 2020 federal spending package, effective January 1, 2020.

Some of the provisions of the ACA have yet to be fully implemented, while certain provisions have been subject to judicial and congressional challenges. Congress previously considered legislation that would repeal or repeal and replace all or part of the ACA. While Congress has not passed comprehensive repeal legislation, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”), includes a provision that decreased the tax-based shared responsibility payment imposed by the ACA on certain individuals who fail to maintain qualifying health coverage for all or part of a year, commonly referred to as the “individual mandate,” to $0, effective January 1, 2019. On December 14, 2018, a U.S. District Court Judge in the Northern District of Texas, or the Texas District Court Judge, ruled that the individual mandate is a critical and inseverable feature of the ACA, and therefore, because it was repealed as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, the remaining provisions of the ACA are invalid as well. On December 18, 2019, the Fifth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals held that the individual mandate is unconstitutional, and remanded the case to the lower court to reconsider its earlier invalidation of the full ACA. Following an appeal made by certain defendants, on June 17, 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the plaintiffs’ challenge to the ACA without specifically ruling on the constitutionality of the ACA. Prior to the Supreme Court’s decision, President Biden issued an Executive Order to initiate a special enrollment period from February 15, 2021 through August 15, 2021 for purposes of obtaining health insurance coverage through the ACA marketplace. The Executive Order also instructed certain governmental agencies to review and reconsider their existing policies and rules that limit access to healthcare, including among others, reexamining Medicaid demonstration projects and waiver programs that include work requirements, and policies that create unnecessary barriers to obtaining access to health insurance coverage through Medicaid or the ACA. It is unclear how other healthcare reform measures of the Biden administration or other efforts, if any, to challenge repeal or replace the ACA, will impact our business.

While the current U.S. presidential administration has signaled its intent to pursue policies strengthening the ACA, the prior U.S. presidential administration sought to modify, repeal, or otherwise invalidate all, or certain provisions of, the ACA. From January 2017 to January 2021, former President Trump signed several Executive Orders and other directives designed to delay the implementation of certain provisions of the ACA or otherwise circumvent some of the requirements for health insurance mandated by the ACA. One Executive Order directed federal agencies with authorities and responsibilities under the ACA to waive, defer, grant exemptions from, or delay the implementation of any provision of the ACA that would impose a fiscal or regulatory burden on states, individuals, healthcare providers, health insurers, or manufacturers of pharmaceuticals or medical devices. Another Executive Order terminated the cost-sharing subsidies that reimburse insurers under the ACA. Several state Attorneys General filed suit to stop the administration from terminating the subsidies, but their request for a restraining order was denied by a federal judge in California on October 25, 2017. Further, on June 14, 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled that the federal government was not required to pay the more than $12 billion in ACA risk corridor payments to third-party payors who argued that such payments were owed to them. This decision was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which on April 27, 2020, reversed the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit’s decision and remanded the case to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, concluding the government has an obligation to pay these risk corridor payments under the relevant formula. The effects of this gap in reimbursement on third-party payors, the viability of the ACA marketplace, providers, and potentially our business, are not yet known.

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In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the ACA was enacted. The Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (“PAMA”) was signed to law on April 1, 2014, and, among other things, significantly altered the payment methodology under the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (“CLFS”). The CFLS applies to a wide variety of laboratories, including national chains, physician offices, and hospital laboratories. Regulations finalized in 2016 stipulated that for the reporting period beginning in 2017 and every three years thereafter (or annually in the case of advanced diagnostic laboratory tests), applicable clinical laboratories must report laboratory test payment data for each Medicare-covered clinical diagnostic laboratory test that it furnishes during the specified time period. The reported data must include the payment rate (reflecting all discounts, rebates, coupons and other price concessions) and the volume of each test that was paid by each private payor (including health insurance issuers, group health plans, Medicare Advantage plans and Medicaid managed care organizations). Additionally, effective January 1, 2018, the Medicare payment rate for a test on the CLFS is equal to the weighted median of private payor rates determined for the test, based on the data of applicable laboratories that are collected during a specified data collection period and reported to CMS during a specified data reporting period. The payment amount for a test cannot drop more than 10 percent as compared to the previous year’s payment amount for the first three years after implementation of the new payment system, and not more than 15 percent per year for the subsequent three years. Under the Laboratory Access to Beneficiaries (“LAB Act”), Congress delayed reporting for applicable clinical laboratory tests that are not advanced diagnostic laboratory tests by one year. Applicable clinical laboratory test data that was supposed to be reported between January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2020, was delayed until January 1, 2021 to March 31, 2021. The CARES Act further delayed the reporting period for another year, until January 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022. The CARES Act also delayed the 15 percent payment reduction cap under PAMA by one year. For 2020, the rates for clinical laboratory tests that are not advanced diagnostic laboratory tests or new clinical laboratory tests may not be reduced by more than 10% of the rates for 2019. There is no payment reduction for 2021, and there will be a 15% reduction cap for each of 2022, 2023, and 2024. Also, under PAMA, CMS is required to adopt temporary billing codes to identify new tests and new advanced diagnostic laboratory tests that have been cleared or approved by FDA. For an existing test that is cleared or approved by FDA and for which Medicare payment is made as of April 1, 2014, CMS is required to assign a unique billing code if one has not already been assigned by the agency. In addition to assigning the code, CMS is required to publicly report payment for the tests. We cannot determine at this time the full impact of PAMA on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, the Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, created the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to recommend proposals in spending reductions to Congress. The Joint Select Committee did not achieve its targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, triggering the legislation’s automatic reduction to several government programs. This includes aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers and suppliers of up to 2% per fiscal year. These reductions went into effect in April 2013 and, due to subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, will remain in effect through 2030 unless additional action is taken by Congress. Pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, also known as the CARES Act, as well as subsequent legislation, these reductions have been suspended from May 1, 2020 through March 31, 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the suspension, a 1% payment reduction will occur beginning April 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022, and the 2% payment reduction will resume on July 1, 2022. The full impact of the sequester law on our business is uncertain. On January 2, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 was signed into law, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several types of providers, including hospitals and cancer treatment centers, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. In addition, the Middle-Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 mandated an additional change in Medicare reimbursement for clinical laboratory tests.

Additionally, the previous administration announced several executive orders since July 24, 2020 relating to implementing several of the administration’s healthcare proposals and in response the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, on August 6, 2020, the Trump administration issued an executive order that directed the FDA to identify a list of essential medicines, medical countermeasures and critical inputs that are medically necessary to have available at all times in an amount adequate to serve patient needs and in the appropriate dosage forms. In response, on October 30, 2020, the FDA published a list of 227 drug and biological product essential medicines and medical countermeasures, and a list of 96 device medical countermeasures. It is unclear what impact this order and list will have on our business.

Additionally, recent regulatory changes regarding health information may impact our products such as the Connect Manager, EHR Connect, the Connect Hub and the Engage app. On March 9, 2020, the HHS, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (“ONC”) and CMS promulgated final rules aimed at supporting seamless and secure access, exchange, and use of electronic health information (“EHI”) by increasing innovation and competition by giving patients and their healthcare providers secure access to health information and new tools, allowing for more choice in care and treatment. The final rules are intended to clarify and operationalize provisions of the 21st Century Cures Act (the “Cures Act”), regarding interoperability and “information blocking,” and create significant new requirements for health care industry participants. Information blocking is defined as activity that is likely to interfere with, prevent, or materially discourage access, exchange, or use of EHI, where a health information technology developer, health information network or health

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information exchange knows or should know that such practice is likely to interfere with access to, exchange or use of EHI. The new rules create significant new requirements for health care industry participants, and require certain electronic health record technology to incorporate standardized application programming interfaces (“APIs”), to allow individuals to securely and easily access structured EHI using smartphone applications. The ONC will also implement provisions of the Cures Act requiring that patients can electronically access all of their EHI (structured and/or unstructured) at no cost. Finally, to further support access and exchange of EHI, the final ONC rule implements the information blocking provisions of the Cures Act and identified eight “reasonable and necessary activities” as exceptions to information blocking activities, as long as specific conditions are met. In light of the COVID-19 public health emergency, ONC stated that it intends to exercise enforcement discretion for three months at the end of certain ONC Health IT Certification Program compliance dates associated with the Cures Act final ONC rule. Pursuant to the final rule, health IT developers were initially to be subject to requirements such as prohibitions on participating in any action that constitutes information blocking, providing certification to the Secretary of HHS that they will not take actions that constitute information blocking, and other requirements regarding information blocking six months from May 1, 2020, when the final rule was published in the Federal Register. However, on October 29, 2020, HHS released an Interim Final Rule, effective December 4, 2020, pushing compliance with such requirements to April 5, 2021. Certified API Developers must now comply with new administrative requirements and must provide all certified API technology by December 31, 2022.

These rules seek to implement significant reforms regarding the access, use and exchange of patient data. These rules may benefit us in that they make it more difficult for EHR vendors to engage in data blocking activity, promote common standards for data exchange, and provide for easier patient access to their EHI. However, these rules may also make it easier for other similar companies to enter the market, creating increased competition and reducing our market share. It is unclear at this time what the costs of compliance with the final rules will be, and what additional risks there may be to our business.

We expect that the ACA, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, more rigorous coverage criteria, greater use of new technology assessment review boards for determination of cost and comparative effectiveness, lower reimbursement, and new payment methodologies. This could lower the price that we receive for any approved product. Any denial in coverage or reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government-funded programs may result in a similar denial or reduction in payments from private payors, which may prevent us from being able to generate sufficient revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our product candidates, if approved. Congress has proposed on several occasions to impose a 20% coinsurance on patients for clinical laboratory tests reimbursed under the Medicare Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule, which would require us to bill patients for these amounts. Because of the relatively low reimbursement for many clinical laboratory tests, in the event that Congress were to ever enact such legislation, the cost of billing and collecting for these tests would often exceed the amount actually received from the patient and effectively increase our costs of billing and collecting.

The regulatory pathway for our COVID-19 tests and healthcare professionals’ understanding of the novel coronavirus is continually evolving and may result in unexpected or unforeseen challenges.

We have obtained EUAs from FDA for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. We also received EUAs for our molecular lab reagent kits, SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR and SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete. Our SARS-CoV-2 antigen pool test is not FDA authorized, cleared or approved and can be used for surveillance purposes only in the U.S. Additionally, in the E.U./European Economic Area we affixed a CE Mark (following self-certification against the relevant E.U. Directive) to our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, SARS-CoV-2 antigen pool test, SARS-CoV-2 Ag & Flu A/B tests and our SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete molecular lab reagent kit and we may submit such tests for regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance in other jurisdictions. Following the U.K.’s departure from the E.U., our E.U. CE Mark will continue to be recognized in Great Britain (“G.B.”) until June 30, 2023 and then a U.K. Conformity Assessed Mark (“UKCA mark”) will be required (whereas, in Northern Ireland a CE Mark or CE UKNI Mark will be required). In addition, in the U.K. any COVID-related tests are further subject to coronavirus test device approval (“CTDA”). To date, we have only obtained CTDA approval for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and our SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete molecular lab reagent kit. The volume of tests being developed for COVID-19 and the speed at which parties are acting to create and test many diagnostic tests for COVID-19 is unusual and evolving or changing plans or priorities within regulatory authorities, including changes based on new knowledge of COVID-19 and how the disease affects the human body, may significantly affect the regulatory timeline for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, SARS-CoV-2 antigen pool test and SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. The circumstances surrounding the pandemic may adversely impact the regulatory approval timeline for our Platform and its components both in relation to the COVID-19 tests, and our other tests generally if regulatory authorities prioritize tests for COVID-19 over other diseases. Results from clinical testing, the identification of new variants, may raise new questions and require us to proceed with additional reviews or clinical trials, including revising proposed endpoints or adding new clinical trial sites or cohorts of subjects. Additionally, our understanding of COVID-19, its infectiveness and other effects on the human body, the ability of individuals to develop antibodies against the virus and the effectiveness of any immune response in preventing future infections are constantly evolving, with new research suggesting

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sometimes surprising results being published on a frequent basis. New discoveries, new variants or changed understanding of how the virus affects the human body, particularly of its infectivity, impact of various variants and individuals’ immune response to it, could render existing tests, including ours, technologically or commercially obsolete or inferior to new methods that we may or may not be able to develop on a timely basis without significant resources and funding.

Even though we have obtained EUAs for our SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, our SARS-CoV-2 antibody test and our molecular lab reagent kits, SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR and SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete, and even if we obtain EUAs for additional tests in the future, an EUA terminates when the emergency determination underlying the EUA terminates. Moreover, FDA may revoke an EUA at any time if it determines that the legal criteria for issuing the EUA are no longer met, including if the product may not be effective or the product’s potential benefits for such use do not outweigh its known and potential risks, and we therefore cannot predict how long, if ever, any EUA applicable to our Platform would remain in place. Any revocation or termination of an EUA applicable to our Platform could adversely impact our business in a variety of ways, including if we and our manufacturing collaborators have invested significantly in the supply chain to produce our SARS-CoV-2 tests.

In December 2021, the FDA issued the draft Transition Plan for Medical Devices Issued Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency (the “Transition Plan”) for public comment which, among other things, proposes a 180-day transition period for manufacturers to submit permanent marketing applications (e.g., 510(k) clearance, de novo classification or PMA) prior to the date that an EUA termination becomes effective. After the 180 days, a manufacturer may continue to market its device while the application is pending, provided that the FDA has accepted the application for substantive review prior to the end of the 180-day period. Manufacturers will be expected to comply with all regulatory requirements at the end of the 180-day period, even if their marketing applications are still pending. The final Transition Plan ultimately published by the FDA may deviate, potentially significantly, from the draft Transition Plan and it is therefore impossible to know exactly how the final Transition Plan will impact our business and regulatory compliance requirements.

In addition, since the regulatory path to authorization of any COVID-19 test is evolving in various jurisdictions and other third parties are simultaneously focused on bringing their COVID-19 tests to market, there may be a widely used product in circulation in a specific country prior to our receipt of regulatory approval, authorization, certification or clearance or before we can CE Mark our Instrument in such country, which would limit our ability to market and gain traction on sale of our Platform. Unexpected issues, including any that we have not yet observed, could lead to significant reputational damage for us and our Platform going forward and other issues, including delays in our other programs, the need for re-design of our clinical trials and the need for significant additional financial resources.

If we fail to comply with the complex federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations that apply to our business, we could suffer severe consequences that could materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We are or expect to become subject to broadly applicable healthcare laws, including fraud and abuse, transparency, and privacy and security laws, which are regulated and enforced by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. These health care laws and regulations include, for example:

the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons and entities from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying any remuneration (including any kickback, bribe, or rebate), directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce or reward, or in return for, either the referral of an individual, or the purchase, lease, order, arrangement, or recommendation of any good, facility, item or service for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The ACA amended the intent element of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute to clarify that a person or entity can be found guilty of violating the statute without actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it. The term remuneration has been interpreted broadly to include anything of value. Further, courts have found that if “one purpose” of the remuneration is to induce referrals, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute is violated. Violations are subject to significant civil and criminal fines and penalties for each violation, imprisonment, and exclusion from government healthcare programs. In addition, a claim submitted for payment to any federal healthcare program that includes items or services that were made as a result of a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal False Claims Act (“FCA”). There are a number of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, though the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly and practices that involve remuneration intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualify for an exception or safe harbor;
the federal civil and criminal false claims laws, including the FCA, and civil monetary penalty laws which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, false, fictitious or fraudulent claims for payment to, or approval by Medicare, Medicaid, or other federal healthcare

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programs; knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false, fictitious or fraudulent claim or an obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the federal government; or knowingly concealing or knowingly and improperly avoiding, decreasing or concealing an obligation to pay money to the federal government. Manufacturers can be held liable under the FCA even when they do not submit claims directly to government payors if they are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims. The FCA also permits a private individual acting as a “whistleblower” to bring qui tam actions on behalf of the federal government alleging violations of the FCA and to share in any monetary recovery or settlement. When an entity is determined to have violated the FCA, the government may impose civil fines and penalties for each false claim, plus treble damages, and exclude the entity from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs;
HIPAA, which created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private third-party payors, or obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, any of the money or property owned by, or under the custody or control of, any healthcare benefit program, regardless of the payor (e.g., public or private), and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up by any trick or device a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or representation, or making or using any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any materially false fictitious or fraudulent statement or entry in connection with the delivery of, or payment for, healthcare benefits, items or services relating to healthcare matters. Similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity can be found guilty of violating HIPAA fraud provisions without actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it;
HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (the “HITECH Act”), and their respective implementing regulations, which impose, among other things, certain requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information on certain covered healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses, known as covered entities, as well as their respective “business associates,” or third parties that create, receive, maintain, transmit or obtain protected health information in connection with providing a service on behalf of a covered entity. The HITECH Act also created new tiers of civil monetary penalties, amended HIPAA to make civil and criminal penalties directly applicable to business associates, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce the federal HIPAA laws and seek attorneys’ fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, there may be additional federal, state and non-U.S. laws which govern the privacy and security of health and other personal information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts;
the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, created under the ACA, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, and its implementing regulations, which require manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (with certain exceptions) to report annually to CMS information related to direct or indirect payments and other transfers of value made to U.S.-licensed physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors) and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by the physicians and their immediate family members. Effective January 1, 2022, these reporting obligations now extend to include transfers of value made in the previous year to certain non-physician providers, including physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified registered nurse anesthetists, and certified nurse midwives;
federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers; and
analogous U.S. state, local and foreign laws and regulations, such as state anti-kickback and false claims laws, which may apply to sales or marketing arrangements and claims involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including private insurers and may be broader in scope than their federal equivalents; state and foreign laws that require medical device companies to comply with the medical device industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government or otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources, state and foreign laws that require device manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers, marketing expenditures or product pricing; state and local laws that require the registration of medical device sales representatives; state laws that prohibit other specified practices, such as (i) billing physicians for testing that they order or waiving coinsurance, copayments, deductibles, and other amounts owed by patients, and (ii) billing a state Medicaid program at a price

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that is higher than what is charged to one or more other payors; and state and foreign laws governing the privacy and security of health information, some of which may be more stringent than those in the U.S. (such as the E.U., which adopted the General Data Protection Regulation) in certain circumstances, and may differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts.

The scope and enforcement of each of these laws is uncertain and subject to rapid change in the current environment of healthcare reform. Ensuring business arrangements comply with applicable healthcare laws, as well as responding to possible investigations by government authorities, can be time- and resource-consuming and can divert the Company’s attention from the business.

It is possible that governmental and enforcement authorities will conclude that our business practices, including our arrangements with physicians and other healthcare providers, some of whom may receive stock options as compensation for services provided, may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law interpreting applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other government regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to significant sanctions, including civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, imprisonment, reputational harm, exclusion from participation in federal and state funded healthcare programs, contractual damages and the curtailment or restricting of our operations, as well as additional reporting obligations and oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or other agreement to resolve allegations of non-compliance with these laws. Further, if any of the physicians or other healthcare providers or entities with whom we expect to do business are found to be not in compliance with applicable laws, they may be subject to similar penalties. Any action for violation of these laws, even if successfully defended, could incur significant legal expenses and divert management’s attention from the operation of the business. In addition, the marketing authorization and commercialization of any product we develop outside the U.S. will also likely subject us to foreign equivalents of the healthcare laws mentioned above, among other foreign laws. All of these could harm our ability to operate our business and our financial results.

Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements with third parties will comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations will involve substantial costs. The shifting compliance environment and the need to build and maintain robust and expandable systems to comply with multiple jurisdictions with different compliance or reporting requirements increases the possibility that we may run afoul of one or more of the requirements.

Sales of our products in other jurisdictions, including the E.U./European Economic Area and the U.K., will also be subject to equivalent or comparable laws and failure to comply with these laws could have serious financial, as well as reputational, consequences for the Company. Key laws and regulations that apply to our business in the E.U. and U.K. include, amongst others:

the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679), which sets out the data protection laws across the E.U. and is particularly important for the collection, storage and use of patient data;
the U.K. General Data Protection Regulation, read alongside the Data Protection Act 2018 (the “U.K. DPA”) set out data protection laws for the U.K.; and
relevant anti-bribery and corruption laws enacted by the Member States of the E.U./European Economic Area (the applicable regime in the U.K. is the Bribery Act 2010).

Additionally, our failure to comply could lead to civil and/or criminal penalties in individual Member States.

When we seek to commercially distribute our POC IVD devices in the U.S., if our devices are not considered CLIA waived or if we are delayed in or unable to obtain a CLIA waiver for such devices, our business may be harmed.

In the U.S., our IVD devices are subject to compliance with the Clinical Laboratory Improvements Act of 1988 (the “CLIA”) and its implementing regulations. CLIA establishes quality standards for all laboratory testing to ensure the accuracy, reliability and timeliness of patient test results regardless of where the test is performed. A laboratory is broadly defined to include any facility that performs laboratory testing on specimens derived from humans for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of disease, or the impairment of, or assessment of health. Under CLIA, FDA categorizes IVD tests by their degree of complexity: (1) waived; (2) moderately complex; and (3) highly complex. When a test is categorized as waived, it may be performed by laboratories that have a Certificate of Waiver.

Tests that are waived by the CLIA regulations are automatically categorized as waived following 510(k) clearance or PMA approval. Otherwise, following clearance or approval, tests may be categorized either as moderate or high complexity according to the CLIA categorization criteria. A manufacturer of a test categorized as moderate complexity may request categorization of the test as waived through a CLIA Waiver by Application (“CW”) submission to FDA. In a CW submission, the manufacturer provides evidence to FDA that a test meets the CLIA statutory criteria for waiver. Specifically, waived tests are simple laboratory examinations and procedures that have an insignificant risk of an erroneous result,

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including those that (A) employ methodologies that are so simple and accurate as to render the likelihood of erroneous results by the user negligible, or (B) FDA has determined pose no unreasonable risk of harm to the patient if performed incorrectly. Further, when FDA authorizes tests for use at the POC under an EUA, such tests are deemed to be CLIA waived tests. As such, such tests can be performed in a patient care setting that is qualified to have the test performed there as a result of operating under a CLIA Certificate of Waiver for the duration of the emergency declaration. A CLIA waiver is critical to the marketability of a product into the POC diagnostics market. With regard to future products for which we may seek a CLIA waiver from FDA, any failure or material delay to obtain such waiver could harm our business and could harm the marketability of our products to the POC diagnostics market.

We are subject to stringent and changing privacy laws, information security laws, regulations, policies and contractual obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our reputation, subject us to significant fines and liability, or otherwise adversely affect our business.

We collect, store, process and transmit sensitive data, including legally protected health information, personal information, intellectual property and proprietary business information. As we seek to expand our business, we are, and will increasingly become, subject to numerous state, federal and foreign laws, regulations and standards, as well as contractual obligations, relating to the collection, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of sensitive and personal information in the jurisdictions in which we operate. In many cases, these laws, regulations and standards apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information between or among us, our subsidiaries and other parties with which we have commercial relationships and our subsidiaries’ own data collection and processing practices. These laws, regulations and standards may be interpreted and applied differently over time and from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and it is possible that they will be interpreted and applied in ways that will materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The regulatory framework for data privacy, data security and data transfers worldwide is rapidly evolving, and there has been an increasing focus on privacy and data protection issues with the potential to affect our business, and as a result, interpretation and implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could result in enforcement actions against us, including fines, imprisonment of company officials and public censure, claims for damages by affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

There are numerous E.U., U.K. and U.S. federal and state laws and regulations related to the privacy and security of health information. These laws and regulations include HIPAA, as amended by the HITECH Act, and their respective implementing regulations, which establish a set of national privacy and security standards for the protection of protected health information by health plans, healthcare clearinghouses and certain healthcare providers, referred to as covered entities, and the business associates with whom such covered entities contract for services. HIPAA requires covered entities and business associates to develop and maintain policies and procedures with respect to protected health information that is used or disclosed, including the adoption of administrative, physical and technical safeguards to protect such information and ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic protected health information. The HHS may impose penalties for a failure to comply with a requirement of HIPAA. Penalties will vary significantly depending on factors such as the date of the violation, whether the failure to comply was known or should have been known, or whether the failure was due to willful neglect. These penalties include significant civil monetary penalties, criminal penalties and, in certain instances, imprisonment. HIPAA also authorizes state attorneys general to file suit on behalf of their residents. Courts may award damages, costs and attorneys’ fees related to violations of HIPAA in such cases. While HIPAA does not create a private right of action allowing individuals to sue us in civil court for violations of HIPAA, its standards have been used as the basis for duty of care in state civil suits such as those for negligence or recklessness in the misuse or breach of protected health information. Furthermore, in the event of a breach as defined by HIPAA, we may be required to comply with specific reporting requirements under HIPAA regulations. In the event of a significant breach, the reporting requirements could include notification to the general public. Enforcement activity can result in reputational harm, and responses to such enforcement activity can consume significant internal resources. Additionally, if we are unable to properly protect the privacy and security of protected health information we create, receive, maintain, or transmit on behalf of our covered entity customers, we could be found to have breached our contracts as well as HIPAA and other applicable data privacy and security laws. Determining whether protected health information has been handled in compliance with applicable privacy standards and our contractual obligations can be complex and we cannot be sure how these regulations will be interpreted, enforced or applied to our operations.

In addition, many states in which we operate have laws that protect the privacy and security of sensitive and personal information. Certain state laws may be more stringent or broader in scope, or offer greater individual rights, with respect to sensitive and personal information than federal, international or other state laws, and such laws may differ from each other, which may complicate compliance efforts. Where state laws are more protective than HIPAA, we must comply with the state laws we are subject to, in addition to HIPAA. In certain cases, it may be necessary to modify our planned operations and procedures to comply with these more stringent state laws. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (the

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“CCPA”), which increases privacy rights for California residents and imposes stringent data privacy and security obligations on companies that process their personal information, came into effect on January 1, 2020. Among other things, the CCPA requires covered companies to provide disclosures to California consumers and provide such consumers with data protection and privacy rights, including the ability to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. However, certain personal information, such as information that is subject to HIPAA or clinical trial regulations, is exempt from the CCPA. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal information. This private right of action may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. While any information we maintain in our role as a business associate may be exempt from the CCPA, other records and information we maintain on our customers may be subject to the CCPA. Additionally, the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”), was passed in California in November 2020. While it also would likely exempt personal information that we handle as a business associate, the CPRA will impose additional data protection obligations on companies doing business in California, including additional consumer rights processes, limitations on data uses, new audit requirements for higher risk data, and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. It will also create a new California data protection agency authorized to issue substantive regulations and could result in increased privacy and information security enforcement. The majority of the provisions will go into effect on January 1, 2023, and additional compliance investment and potential business process changes may be required. Further, new health information standards, whether implemented pursuant to HIPAA, the HITECH Act, congressional action or otherwise, could have a significant effect on the manner in which we handle health-related information, and the cost of complying with these standards could be significant. If we do not comply with existing or new laws and regulations related to patient health information, we could be subject to criminal or civil sanctions. New legislation and state constitutional amendments proposed or enacted in several U.S. states impose, or have the potential to impose, additional obligations on companies that collect, store, use, retain, disclose, transfer and otherwise process confidential, sensitive and personal information, and will continue to shape the data privacy environment nationally. State laws are changing rapidly and there is discussion in Congress of a new federal data protection and privacy law to which we could become subject if it is enacted. All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time, may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies, divert resources from other initiatives and projects, and could restrict the way products and services involving data are offered, all of which may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Laws, regulations and standards in many foreign jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal information, which impose significant compliance obligations. For example, the processing of personal data, including clinical trial data, is governed by the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) (the “GDPR”) in the E.U. The U.K. GDPR read alongside the U.K. DPA are the applicable laws in the U.K. Following the U.K.’s withdrawal from the E.U. on January 31, 2020, pursuant to the transitional arrangements agreed between the U.K. and E.U., the GDPR continued to have effect in U.K. law until December 31, 2020. Following December 31, 2020, the GDPR does not have direct effect in the U.K. However, the U.K.’s E.U. (Withdrawal) Act 2018 incorporated the GDPR (as it existed on December 31, 2020 but subject to certain U.K. specific amendments) into U.K. law (referred to as the U.K. GDPR). The U.K. GDPR (as amended) and U.K. DPA set out the U.K.’s data protection regime, which is independent from but equivalent to the E.U.’s regime. The requirements for processing personal data under the U.K. GDPR and U.K. DPA largely align with those under the GDPR. The GDPR, the U.K. GDPR and U.K. DPA impose stringent data privacy and security requirements on both processors and controllers of personal data, including health data and other personal data collected during clinical trials. In particular, the GDPR imposes requirements relating to ensuring there is a lawful basis for processing personal data, extends the rights of individuals to whom the personal data relates, materially expands the definition of what is expressly noted to constitute personal data, requires additional disclosures about how personal data is to be used, imposes limitations on retention of personal data, imposes stric